Assessing a Student Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluating a Student - Personal Statement Example In view of the evaluation table over, the normal score for the understudy is 2.67. The scores from the capable mirror that there are zones that the understudy needs support. These incorporate critical thinking aptitudes, self-commitment, activity taking, and dynamic. For this situation, the procedures that an instructor ought to embrace incorporate understanding the individual needs of the understudies, ensuring that the understudies recognize what is happening in class, and urging understudies to take an interest in class exercises. On account of this understudy, separation is significant since he is by all accounts a beneath normal understudy. All together for the instructor to improve the presentation of the understudy, he should set various assignments for the understudy dependent on the exhibition of the understudy. In addition, the educator should set distinctive open-finished undertakings so as to evaluate the capacities of the understudy at various levels. The various types of developmental evaluations that the instructor should use to check the exhibition of the understudy incorporate addressing, conversations, peer/self-coordinators, think pair share, and helpful tests. May, K. (2005). Showing Strategies for Asperger Students. Recovered from

Abusive Supervisory Reactions to Coworker Relationship Conflict Free Essays

The Leadership Quarterly 22 (2011) 1010â€1023 Contents records accessible at ScienceDirect The Leadership Quarterly j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w. e l s ev I e r. c o m/l o c a t e/l e a q u an Abusive administrative responses to colleague relationship con? ict Kenneth J. We will compose a custom paper test on Injurious Supervisory Reactions to Coworker Relationship Conflict or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Harris a,? , Paul Harvey b, K. Michele Kacmar c Indiana University Southeast, School of Business, 4201 Grant Line Road, New Albany, IN 47150, USA Management Department, Whittemore School of Business and Economics, University of New Hampshire, USA Department of Management and Marketing, Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration, 143 Alston Hall, Box 870225, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0225, USA b c an a r t I c l e I n f o a b s t r a c t This investigation broadens inquire about on oppressive oversight by investigating how administrator reports of contention with their associates are identified with harsh practices and coming about results. We use inquire about on dislodged hostility, struggle, and leaderâ€member trade (LMX) hypothesis to detail our theories. Results from two examples of 121 and 134 coordinated supervisor†subordinate dyads bolster the possibility that managers encountering colleague relationship strife are probably going to participate in injurious practices coordinated toward their subordinates and that LMX quality conservatives this relationship. Furthermore, injurious management was related with diminished work exertion and authoritative citizenship practices (OCB). Results additionally show that in the two examples damaging oversight intercedes the connections between manager reports of colleague relationship struggle and OCB, and in one example intervenes the relationship between chief announced collaborator relationship strife and work exertion.  © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights held. Accessible online 10 August 2011 Keywords: Abusive management Coworker relationship con? ict Multi-level 1. Presentation Abusive management, or the drawn out unfriendly treatment of subordinates, has been perceived as a signi? insect danger to representative prosperity and efficiency in both the well known press (e. g. , Elmer, 2006) and in authoritative research (e. g. , Duffy, Ganster, Pagon, 2002; Harris, Kacmar, Zivnuska, 2007; Harvey, Stoner, Hochwarter, Kacmar, 2007; Hoobler Brass, 2006; Mitchell Ambrose, 2007; Tepper, 2000, 2007; Tepper, Duffy, Shaw, 2001; Zellars, Tepper, Duffy, 2002). Practices that fall under the umbrella of oppressive management, for example, attacking, shouting at, or disregarding subordinates, have been connected to a variety of negative outcomes (see Tepper, 2007 for a diagram). Research likewise recommends that these types of misuse are alarmingly basic in present day associations (Namie, 2000; Tepper, 2007). The reason for this examination is to create and test a calculated model that grows our insight into predecessors, mediators, and results of damaging oversight. We additionally expand on past research indicating that supervisors’ relationship con? icts can â€Å"trickle down† to subordinates as injurious practices (Aryee, Chen, Sun, Debrah, 2007). Speci? cally, we test the thought that chiefs who experience relationship con? ct, de? ned as relational â€Å"tension, ill will, and annoyance† (Jehn, 1995, p. 258), with their colleagues react by manhandling subordinates. The proposed connection between boss level associate relationship con? ict and injurious management is established in the thought of uprooted hostility, which happens when the response to a terrible result or conduct from one source is diverted to a subsequent source ( Miller, Pedersen, Earlywine, Pollock, 2003; Tedeschi Norman, 1985). Reliable with Tepper (2007), we contend that the generally frail retaliatory intensity of subordinates, when contrasted with colleagues, improves the probability that relationship con? ict-driven disappointment will be vented at subordinates. We qualify this supposition, in any case, by contending that bosses who experience associate relationship con? ict won't act harshly toward the entirety of their subordinates. We investigate ? Comparing creator. Email addresses: harriskj@ius. edu (K. J. Harris), Paul. Harvey@unh. edu (P. Harvey), mkacmar@cba. ua. edu (K. M. Kacmar). 1048-9843/$ †see front issue  © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights saved. doi:10. 1016/j. leaqua. 2011. 07. 020 K. J. Harris et al. /The Leadership Quarterly 22 (2011) 1010â€1023 1011 this thought by analyzing leaderâ€member relationship (LMX) quality as an arbitrator of the connection between supervisors’ levels of associate relationship con? ict and oppressive management. At long last, we advance the surviving examination by exploring two supervisorrated worker results (work exertion, and authoritative citizenship practices (OCB)), one of which has not recently been analyzed with regards to injurious management. These results were picked as they broaden the writing and we were keen on genuine practices coordinated toward the activity/task (work exertion and errand centered OCB). We inspect these connections, appeared in Fig. 1, in two separate examples of coordinated supervisorâ€subordinate dyads. In this way, the present investigation makes a few commitments to the writing. To start with, we analyze the in? uence of con? ict between chiefs on subordinate reports of injurious management. Looking at this relationship is significant on the grounds that despite the fact that collaborator relationship con? cts have negative results, examines still can't seem to explore how chiefs encountering these con? icts treat their subordinates. Second, we examine LMX quality as a relationship variable that changes how boss reports of collaborator relationship con? ict and harsh management are connected. Third, we expand the nomological system of oppressive oversight by inspecting the results of work exe rtion and OCB. At long last, we explore the potential for harsh management to intercede the relationship between director reports of colleague relationship con? ict and distal outcomes. In this way, this investigation takes a ? rst step toward clarifying how (through the middle person system of harsh oversight) supervisors’ encounters of collaborator relationship con? ict at last effect significant employment results. 2. Maltreatment as an uprooted reaction to associate relationship con? ict Abusive management is de? ned as delayed unfriendly treatment toward subordinates, barring physical savagery (Tepper, 2000). Research demonstrates that chiefs who see that they are survivors of interactional or procedural unfairness, the two of which might be related with collaborator relationship con? ct (Fox, Spector, Miles, 2001), are moderately almost certain than others to mishandle their subordinates (Aryee, Chen, Sun, Debrah, 2007; Tepper, Duffy, Henle, Lambert, 2006). Tepper, Duffy, Henle, and Lambert (2006) contended that this stream down impact, wherein supervisors’ disappointments are diverted into oppressive practices focused at subordinates, may happen in light of the fact that subordinates are a moderately sheltered objective toward which bosses can vent their dissatisfactions (Tepper, Duffy, Henle, Lambert, 2006). This contention proposes damaging oversight might be a reaction to baffling working environment occasions, for example, colleague relationship con? ict. Collaborator con? ict has been connected to unfortunate passionate states and can contrarily affect relational connections (e. g. , Bergmann Volkema, 1994; Deutch, 1969). Feeling research proposes that the displeasure and disappointment related with relational con? ict can advance verbal (e. g. , yelling) and social (e. g. , robbery, harm, brutality) hostility toward the individuals who animate the con? ct (e. g. , Ambrose, Seabright, Schminke, 2002; Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, Sears, 1939; Fox Spector, 1999; Greenberg, 1990; Spector, 1975). A large number of these practices, except for physical savagery, would fall under Tepper’s (2000) de? nition of oppressive management whenever focused on subordinates. Drawing on ? ndings from look into on dislodged hostility we contend that, because of the general intensity of supervis ors’ associates, these relationship con? ict-driven practices may, truth be told, be focused at subordinates. Dislodged animosity happens when people experience abuse from one gathering and react by abusing a subsequent gathering (Hoobler Brass, 2006, Miller, Pedersen, Earlywine Pollock, 2003, Twenge Campbell, 2003). A few triggers of dislodged hostility have been identi? ed, including social dismissal (Twenge Campbell, 2003) and negative criticism (Bushman Baumeister, 1998). Hoobler and Brass (2006) additionally indicated that injurious oversight at work can advance uprooted hostility toward relatives at home. We inspect damaging management as a type of dislodged animosity ather than an indicator, albeit the two conceptualizations are legitimate. Uprooted animosity is frequently activated by undesirable working environment occasions (e. g. , Miller, Pedersen, Earlywine Pollock, 2003) and oppressive management ? ts this standards. We contend that injurious oversight likewise can ? t the standards of uprooted animosity on the off chance that it is activated by occasions outside the ability to control of subordinates, for example, the abusers’ colleague relationship con? ict. In this way, oppressive management can almost certainly be both a reason for dislodged animosity and a kind of uprooted hostility. Note: Dashed lines speak to estimated intervened linkages Supervisor-Rated Subordinate Work Effort Supervisor-Rated Coworker Conflict Abusive Supervision Supervisor-Rated Subordinate TaskFocused OCB Moderator: Leader-Member Exchange Fig. 1. Guessed model. 1012 K. J. Harris et al. /The Leadership Quarterly 22 (2011) 1010â€1023 As Tepper, Duffy, Henle and Lambert (2006) contended, harsh management can be utilized as a methods for venting disappointment becau

The African American Dream - Literature Essay Samples

Social class plays a dominant role in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby. In fact the title character is living proof that the American dream really exists. Readers recognize the importance Fitzgerald places on social class throughout the novel, but for the purpose of this essay, I will examine how Fitzgerald links social class with race through his portrayal of African American characters in the novel. The notion of the African-American dream would have been a fairly new one in the 1920s, but since the black characters in the novel are paired with Jay Gatsby, it is plausible to think that they would triumph and suffer in the same way Gatsby did as a result of their newly found achievements. This theme can be traced through the actions of Tom Buchanan and in the two scenes that black characters are present in the novel.The Great Gatsby in set in New York during the Harlem Renaissance, a period of artistic explosion within the black community, so racial issues are bound to be present in the novel. Tom Buchanan voices his opinion about those people outside of the white race. By referring to The Rise of the Colored Empires and stating its ideas if we dont look out the white race will be. . .utterly submerged(13) Tom alerts readers to the tensions between blacks and whites. He also remarks: Its up to us, who are the dominant race, to watch out or these other races will have control of things (14), indicating that he believes whites need to stay in control of social happenings to ensure the morality and wealth of the future.Fitzgerald wants readers to view Tom as a farcical character, because even the other characters dont take him seriously. Daisy winks at Nick and Jordan several times during Toms ranting about race relations, signaling to readers that Toms views are not the ones Fitzgerald wants readers to subscribe to. Daisys gestures behind her husbands back also indicate that she does not agree with his opinions. Daisy whispers to Nick and Jorda n: Weve got to beat them down (14), talking about the colored race. However, she is winking ferociously (14) as she is talking. Daisy realizes that her husbands views are dated, especially for a man living in the East during the Harlem Renaissance. She speaks sarcastically later in the chapter about her white girlhood (20) with Jordan and about the Nordic race with Nick. Daisy knows that her husbands greatest fears have already been realized and she does not agree with his ridiculous, though scientific argument.The relationship between race and social class is further played out in two scenes that portray middle or upper-class blacks. When Nick and Gatsby see a limousine with three black passengers and a white chauffeur, Fitzgerald is telling readers that times are changing. This is an extreme example of role reversals within both race and social class. Since these characters possess both an expensive car and a hired white driver, readers can assume that they are affluent. D uring this scene Nick thinks: Anything can happen now that weve slid over that bridge (70) and the limo suggests that anything already has happened. So, times are not really changing; they already have changed. Sixty years after the abolition of slavery, blacks can afford to ride in (or perhaps own) a limousine and hire a white driver.So, instead of identifying with Tom Buchanan, Fitzgerald implies that readers can identify with Gatsby (or even Daisy, Jordan, or Nick), a man who plays jazz music at his parties, and his implied view of black culture. Jazz music originated in the African American communities before seeping its way into white upper class homes. Jay Gatsby is linked to the black characters in the limousine because they all are representative examples of people who are living the American dream. They also represent the idea of new money and the idea of having to work ones way to the top. However, readers only get a small glimpse of the blacks in the limo. Since th ey are paired with Gatsby in their affluence, readers can draw the conclusion that blacks who rise into the upper social classes might be susceptible to the same kinds of problems that eventually lead to Gatsbys downfall. This logic can be applied to all people and races: when people are equal to one another, they have the same chances at success as they do at failure.The second scene in the novel in which a black man appears is equally, if not more, striking than the first. After Myrtle has been killed, [a] pale well-dressed negro stepped near(143) to identify the car. Again, since this man is well-dressed, readers are led to believe that he is probably well off financially. However, what makes this scene striking is his audacity to step up and identify the car so specifically without being solicited. Although slavery has been abolished and there is a cultural boom in Harlem, this novel was written and set long before the Civil Rights Movement. This man shows great courage at a time when there was strong racial tension. Not only does he identify the car without being asked, he also goes on to talk with the police and fill out a statement.Although these actions do not seem extreme to the modern day reader, they could be considered daring for the time period. Again these actions can be equated to Gatsby, because he is a risk taker as well. He moved away from his family to earn his wealth and find the American dream. His movement can be paralleled to the movement of blacks from the South to the North.The notion of social class is an inarguable theme dominant in the pages of The Great Gatsby. Although the theme of race is less recognizable and seemingly subordinate to that of social class, it is present as well as important. When these two themes are examined in relation to one another, The Great Gatsby can be read as a novel not only about the American dream, but the African American dream as well.

Texas Health Harris Methodist Cleburne - 1614 Words

Texas Health Harris Methodist–Cleburne is one of the top performers in the country on the surgical care process-of-care measures, often referred to as the core or Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) measures. The measures, developed by the Hospital Quality Alliance and reported to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), relate to achievement of recommended treatment in four clinical areas: heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia, and surgical care. In addition to its high performance on surgical measures, Texas Health is performing in at least the top 15th percentile in these other areas. This case study focuses on Texas Health s achievement in providing recommended treatment related to surgical care. The hospital has†¦show more content†¦The framework likewise has a Clinical Operations Performance Improvement Council to talk about operational issues and build up new procedures to enhance execution in the center measures. For instance, the gathering set up framework wide instructive and preparing materials to help healing center staff suspend anti-infection agents inside of 24 hours. The second hypothesis examined current hypothesis in which is in light of the idea that the association is a framework which needs to adjust to changes in its surroundings. In present day hypothesis, an association is characterized as an outlined and organized process in which people connect for destinations (Hicks and Gullet, 1975). From our case Texas Health Resources is presently executing a framework wide electronic wellbeing record framework a speculation anticipated that would help doctor s facilities enhance the nature of consideration by giving constant access to coordinated patient records, solution cautions, and proof based clinical choice backing. Texas Health Harris Methodist-Cleburne has demonstrated that it is a learning organization I different ways. Case in point, the board set up framework wide instructive and preparing materials to help clinic staff end anti-toxins inside of 24 hours. These materials were given to staff

The past century saw major developments in the economic,...

The past century saw major developments in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the United States as it grew from a burgeoning industrial nation to the world’s leading superpower. By the 1900s, giant firms such as Carneige Steel, The Standard Oil Trust, among a few others controlled 2/5th of the nation’s marketing capital. This resulted in a rapid increase in the number of industrial workers and even though the American society was growing wealthier overall, there were several thousands that still lived not only in poverty but also far below the poverty lines. It all began with rapid economic growth that was fueled with technological advancements in the field of electricity, communications, business machines, farm and†¦show more content†¦The Railroads comprised the first big business for America ad their systemization and consolidation by the end of the 19th century brought about the development of large business enterprises in the world. The G ilded Age, even though known for its advancements in the field of industrialization was known to have been an era of serious social problems, hidden under the glitz and glamour of precipitously evolving developments. The lessons of the railroads were applied to other big businesses and were soon met with public outrage at the unscrupulous tactics, monopoly control and sky-high earnings of these affluent corporations. The number of industrial workers had increased rapidly from 885, 000 to 3.2 million from 1860 to 1890 alone. Also, the American Revolution of 1765-1783 had resulted in the dissemination of new socio-political ideas, especially considering that the American nation had succeeded and won its independence from the absolute military power of its time. The ideals of social equality ran high. However, changes in trade and commerce resulting from modern capitalism were a complete deviation from this vision. Thus, arose grassroots organizations that would respond to the changes in society through labor movements, the 1960s-70s feminist movement responding primarily to women’s suffrage, civil rights movements, antiwar activism and gay rights. As the American society continued to grow wealthier, factory workers began to numb toShow MoreRelatedThe First Glimpse Of Globalization1573 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the process in which a world-wide circulation of goods, ideas, and people takes place. Historically, there were two periods of profound expansion, the 15th and 16th century and 20th and 21st century. In both cases, these eras of globalization were preceded by periods of enriched thinking, sharing, and scientific revolutions. The renaissance is a prime example of an era when ideas and knowledge flourished and spread throughout Europe. 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Information Technology Ethics Volkswagen Emission Scandal †Free Sampl

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology Ethics Volkswagen. Answer: Volkswagen Emission Scandal In September 2015, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) found during some tests that Volkswagen company was constantly cheating the American customers. In the cars to be sold in America, they used to install a software named defeat device that was able to detect when the cars were being tested. Accordingly, this software auto-adjusted the settings in such a way that the testers got false reading from the car. As a result, the testers got wrong emission readings from the car. Hence, the people got the wrong impressions about the emissions from the cars (Krall Peng, 2015). The main part of Volkswagens marketing strategy was that they said their cars were of very low emissions. This strategy worked as the sales were boosted in America. However, after the results were made public, Volkswagen were accused of cheating the American clients by lying about the low emission cars. As a result, sales of Volkswagen cars were immediately reduced significantly resulting in significant losses for the company. Sometime in 2014, US environmental emission control officials reported that the Volkswagen cars were emitting high amount of toxic gases than usual. However, the claims in these reports were denied by Volkswagen authority who said that some cars might have more emissions due to some technical issues or poor starting mechanism. For some time, the Volkswagen authority managed to divert the emission control officials from the issue. Moreover, whenever the Volkswagen cars were sent to test facilities for emission tests, no abnormal results were obtained. At that time, the emission test officials had no idea of such devices or softwares that forced the wrong emission output during the testing. However, the emission test devices at the test facilities were also outdated and failed to detect the use of the advanced devices that masked the actual emission from the car. Hence, Volkswagen continued to sell the cars with the defeat devices in USA resulting in generation of a huge amount of reve nue for the company. With the increase in the revenue, the pollution amount also increased significantly in US. However, in late 2015, the defeat devices were finally detected and the cheating mechanism was caught during the testing of a Volkswagen car. Defeat devices are some specially designed softwares that are able to detect when a car is being tested. When the test starts, this software automatically changes the settings of the car such that the emission is reduced significantly than usual. Hence, there is no way to detect the cheating mechanism unless the whole car is disassembled and tested. The ethical issue with this case was that the Volkswagen customers were getting cheated by the company without even knowing about such a defeat device. Moreover, there is a chance the car users may get arrested for using the defeat devices as there are no certain proofs of the installer. The implication is on the earths atmosphere and hence, this act of cheating is actually having a negat ive effect on the humanity on a whole. The cars produced high emissions whereas the test results could not detect them. As a result, the sales of the cars were increasing significantly and it in turn increased air pollution at an alarming rate. After the defeat device was detected, the Volkswagen authority stated that they would conduct an internal investigation to identify those who approved the use of such cheating devices. Moreover, the authority also stated they would also review 8.5 million cars all over Europe to check whether they contained the defeat devices as well or not. After the massive outage of the Volkswagen cars in USA, the prices of the cars fell by a third. As a result, the company encountered a loss of 2.5bn that is expected to increase as a result of the scandal. There are two options to solve the issue. First option is banning the company from selling any car for a certain period of time (e.g. 5 years) and the second option is implementing a testing procedure for testing the cars before dispatching them for delivery. The best option is implementation of the pre-dispatch testing procedure. The first option will stop the sales of the company and it may get bankrupt during this time. Moreover, existing us ers will not receive any servicing for their cars. Hence, implementation of the testing system is the best option and it will ensure no cheatwares or cheating softwares are used along with the car. References Barrett, S. R., Speth, R. L., Eastham, S. D., Dedoussi, I. C., Ashok, A., Malina, R., Keith, D. W. (2015). Impact of the Volkswagen emissions control defeat device on US public health.Environmental Research Letters,10(11), 114005. Blackwelder, B., Coleman, K., Colunga-Santoyo, S., Harrison, J. S., Wozniak, D. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal. Burki, T. K. (2015). Diesel cars and health: the Volkswagen emissions scandal.The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,3(11), 838-839. Crte, R. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal from the Viewpoint of Corporate Governance.Eur. J. Risk Reg.,7, 25. Ewing, J. (2015). Volkswagen says 11 million cars worldwide are affected in diesel deception.The New York Times,22. Hakim, D., Bradsher, K. (2015). After Volkswagen Revelation, Auto Emissions Tests Come Under Global Scrutiny.The New York Times (Sept 24, 2015). Available at: https://www. ny t imes. com/2015/09/25/business/international/vo lk swa gen-emi ssions-pollution-regulations. html. Krall, J. R., Peng, R. D. (2015). The Volkswagen scandal: Deception, driving and deaths.Significance,12(6), 12-15. Ragatz, J. A. (2015). What Can We Learn from the Volkswagen Scandal?.

Is God Real Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, God, Singular God

Is God Real The existence of God has been questioned since the beginning of time. Religions thrived on answering the unanswerable questions of the universe and people were able to find solace in the answers. As science has expanded and been able to answer these questions with natural, as opposed to supernatural answers, many people stopped looking to God and religion for the causes of things and started looking towards science. God was dead, according to many scientists and people of all professions. Many philosophers, however, have different conclusions. In the article, ?Science Finds God? (Newsweek 1998) it was recognized that although theologians and scientists differ sharply in their views and do not see any type of middle ground between the two fields, others feel that religion and science do not contradict each other, but compliment each other. Science discovers more of God's creations and the intricacy of which the world was created and God provides the explanation of the complexity and wonder of the natural world. He fills in where science leaves off. With Darwin's idea of evolution came the greatest controversy between science and religion. Darwin denied the creationist ideas of Christians and caused, an uproar in the Christian community. Some drastically decided to deny all science. To deny science, however, would be to deny the natural world. Others searched for ways to confirm and hold on to their faith. One way that people found to confirm their belief in a God was philosophy. St. Thomas Aquinas used the science of philosophy to prove God's existence. He showed five ways in which the existence of God must be absolutely concluded. His first proof dealt with the mover and the unmoved mover. From just one observation of movement it can be concluded that movement is. Whatever is moved must be moved by another, because nothing can have potential and actual energy at the same time. To actually move a thing must be moved by another thing that is actually in motion. Therefore that thing must have been moved by another. However this cannot go on infinitely. There must be something that is the first unmoved mover that causes all movement. This being, in a state of pure actuality, is what people call God. An example of this is a stone is moved by a stick. The stick is moved by a hand. The stick moved from a state of potential movement to actual movement by the hand. In order to move the stick the hand must move from potential to actual by something else. What moves the hand must be also be moved by another because nothing can be moving both potentially and actually at the same time. Whatever was the original cause of all movement must be pure actual movement. This being is the unmoved first mover, God. Aquinas's fifth proof relates more directly to ?Science Finds God.? This article states that the complexity of the natural world is more evidence that God must exist. Thomas says that there is some pure act of intelligence that causes all other acts of intelligence. As an archer shoots an arrow towards its target, God aims everything to its ultimate end. Everything is ordered towards an end and that end is determined by a being we call God. Using empirical sciences, it is evident that everything has its purpose and functions for the good of something else. This purpose is determined by God. Another philosopher whose teachings seem to correspond directly with the article is Paley. He presents this situation. If a man finds a stone and wonders how it got there, it would not be that unreasonable to conclude that it had been there forever. However, if a man stumbles upon a watch in a field, he could not reasonably reach the same conclusion. ?Because a watch performs such a specific function and has a clear purpose, which is grasped by the human mind, Paley concludes that ?the inference?is inevitable; that the watch must have a maker.'? (Stumpf 381) Every part of the watch is designed towards the specific function of telling time. It would seem absurd to think that all of the pieces in the watch just happened to come together in that way to