Assessing a Student Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluating a Student - Personal Statement Example In view of the evaluation table over, the normal score for the understudy is 2.67. The scores from the capable mirror that there are zones that the understudy needs support. These incorporate critical thinking aptitudes, self-commitment, activity taking, and dynamic. For this situation, the procedures that an instructor ought to embrace incorporate understanding the individual needs of the understudies, ensuring that the understudies recognize what is happening in class, and urging understudies to take an interest in class exercises. On account of this understudy, separation is significant since he is by all accounts a beneath normal understudy. All together for the instructor to improve the presentation of the understudy, he should set various assignments for the understudy dependent on the exhibition of the understudy. In addition, the educator should set distinctive open-finished undertakings so as to evaluate the capacities of the understudy at various levels. The various types of developmental evaluations that the instructor should use to check the exhibition of the understudy incorporate addressing, conversations, peer/self-coordinators, think pair share, and helpful tests. May, K. (2005). Showing Strategies for Asperger Students. Recovered from

Abusive Supervisory Reactions to Coworker Relationship Conflict Free Essays

The Leadership Quarterly 22 (2011) 1010â€1023 Contents records accessible at ScienceDirect The Leadership Quarterly j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w. e l s ev I e r. c o m/l o c a t e/l e a q u an Abusive administrative responses to colleague relationship con? ict Kenneth J. We will compose a custom paper test on Injurious Supervisory Reactions to Coworker Relationship Conflict or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Harris a,? , Paul Harvey b, K. Michele Kacmar c Indiana University Southeast, School of Business, 4201 Grant Line Road, New Albany, IN 47150, USA Management Department, Whittemore School of Business and Economics, University of New Hampshire, USA Department of Management and Marketing, Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration, 143 Alston Hall, Box 870225, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0225, USA b c an a r t I c l e I n f o a b s t r a c t This investigation broadens inquire about on oppressive oversight by investigating how administrator reports of contention with their associates are identified with harsh practices and coming about results. We use inquire about on dislodged hostility, struggle, and leaderâ€member trade (LMX) hypothesis to detail our theories. Results from two examples of 121 and 134 coordinated supervisor†subordinate dyads bolster the possibility that managers encountering colleague relationship strife are probably going to participate in injurious practices coordinated toward their subordinates and that LMX quality conservatives this relationship. Furthermore, injurious management was related with diminished work exertion and authoritative citizenship practices (OCB). Results additionally show that in the two examples damaging oversight intercedes the connections between manager reports of colleague relationship struggle and OCB, and in one example intervenes the relationship between chief announced collaborator relationship strife and work exertion.  © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights held. Accessible online 10 August 2011 Keywords: Abusive management Coworker relationship con? ict Multi-level 1. Presentation Abusive management, or the drawn out unfriendly treatment of subordinates, has been perceived as a signi? insect danger to representative prosperity and efficiency in both the well known press (e. g. , Elmer, 2006) and in authoritative research (e. g. , Duffy, Ganster, Pagon, 2002; Harris, Kacmar, Zivnuska, 2007; Harvey, Stoner, Hochwarter, Kacmar, 2007; Hoobler Brass, 2006; Mitchell Ambrose, 2007; Tepper, 2000, 2007; Tepper, Duffy, Shaw, 2001; Zellars, Tepper, Duffy, 2002). Practices that fall under the umbrella of oppressive management, for example, attacking, shouting at, or disregarding subordinates, have been connected to a variety of negative outcomes (see Tepper, 2007 for a diagram). Research likewise recommends that these types of misuse are alarmingly basic in present day associations (Namie, 2000; Tepper, 2007). The reason for this examination is to create and test a calculated model that grows our insight into predecessors, mediators, and results of damaging oversight. We additionally expand on past research indicating that supervisors’ relationship con? icts can â€Å"trickle down† to subordinates as injurious practices (Aryee, Chen, Sun, Debrah, 2007). Speci? cally, we test the thought that chiefs who experience relationship con? ct, de? ned as relational â€Å"tension, ill will, and annoyance† (Jehn, 1995, p. 258), with their colleagues react by manhandling subordinates. The proposed connection between boss level associate relationship con? ict and injurious management is established in the thought of uprooted hostility, which happens when the response to a terrible result or conduct from one source is diverted to a subsequent source ( Miller, Pedersen, Earlywine, Pollock, 2003; Tedeschi Norman, 1985). Reliable with Tepper (2007), we contend that the generally frail retaliatory intensity of subordinates, when contrasted with colleagues, improves the probability that relationship con? ict-driven disappointment will be vented at subordinates. We qualify this supposition, in any case, by contending that bosses who experience associate relationship con? ict won't act harshly toward the entirety of their subordinates. We investigate ? Comparing creator. Email addresses: harriskj@ius. edu (K. J. Harris), Paul. Harvey@unh. edu (P. Harvey), mkacmar@cba. ua. edu (K. M. Kacmar). 1048-9843/$ †see front issue  © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights saved. doi:10. 1016/j. leaqua. 2011. 07. 020 K. J. Harris et al. /The Leadership Quarterly 22 (2011) 1010â€1023 1011 this thought by analyzing leaderâ€member relationship (LMX) quality as an arbitrator of the connection between supervisors’ levels of associate relationship con? ict and oppressive management. At long last, we advance the surviving examination by exploring two supervisorrated worker results (work exertion, and authoritative citizenship practices (OCB)), one of which has not recently been analyzed with regards to injurious management. These results were picked as they broaden the writing and we were keen on genuine practices coordinated toward the activity/task (work exertion and errand centered OCB). We inspect these connections, appeared in Fig. 1, in two separate examples of coordinated supervisorâ€subordinate dyads. In this way, the present investigation makes a few commitments to the writing. To start with, we analyze the in? uence of con? ict between chiefs on subordinate reports of injurious management. Looking at this relationship is significant on the grounds that despite the fact that collaborator relationship con? cts have negative results, examines still can't seem to explore how chiefs encountering these con? icts treat their subordinates. Second, we examine LMX quality as a relationship variable that changes how boss reports of collaborator relationship con? ict and harsh management are connected. Third, we expand the nomological system of oppressive oversight by inspecting the results of work exe rtion and OCB. At long last, we explore the potential for harsh management to intercede the relationship between director reports of colleague relationship con? ict and distal outcomes. In this way, this investigation takes a ? rst step toward clarifying how (through the middle person system of harsh oversight) supervisors’ encounters of collaborator relationship con? ict at last effect significant employment results. 2. Maltreatment as an uprooted reaction to associate relationship con? ict Abusive management is de? ned as delayed unfriendly treatment toward subordinates, barring physical savagery (Tepper, 2000). Research demonstrates that chiefs who see that they are survivors of interactional or procedural unfairness, the two of which might be related with collaborator relationship con? ct (Fox, Spector, Miles, 2001), are moderately almost certain than others to mishandle their subordinates (Aryee, Chen, Sun, Debrah, 2007; Tepper, Duffy, Henle, Lambert, 2006). Tepper, Duffy, Henle, and Lambert (2006) contended that this stream down impact, wherein supervisors’ disappointments are diverted into oppressive practices focused at subordinates, may happen in light of the fact that subordinates are a moderately sheltered objective toward which bosses can vent their dissatisfactions (Tepper, Duffy, Henle, Lambert, 2006). This contention proposes damaging oversight might be a reaction to baffling working environment occasions, for example, colleague relationship con? ict. Collaborator con? ict has been connected to unfortunate passionate states and can contrarily affect relational connections (e. g. , Bergmann Volkema, 1994; Deutch, 1969). Feeling research proposes that the displeasure and disappointment related with relational con? ict can advance verbal (e. g. , yelling) and social (e. g. , robbery, harm, brutality) hostility toward the individuals who animate the con? ct (e. g. , Ambrose, Seabright, Schminke, 2002; Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, Sears, 1939; Fox Spector, 1999; Greenberg, 1990; Spector, 1975). A large number of these practices, except for physical savagery, would fall under Tepper’s (2000) de? nition of oppressive management whenever focused on subordinates. Drawing on ? ndings from look into on dislodged hostility we contend that, because of the general intensity of supervis ors’ associates, these relationship con? ict-driven practices may, truth be told, be focused at subordinates. Dislodged animosity happens when people experience abuse from one gathering and react by abusing a subsequent gathering (Hoobler Brass, 2006, Miller, Pedersen, Earlywine Pollock, 2003, Twenge Campbell, 2003). A few triggers of dislodged hostility have been identi? ed, including social dismissal (Twenge Campbell, 2003) and negative criticism (Bushman Baumeister, 1998). Hoobler and Brass (2006) additionally indicated that injurious oversight at work can advance uprooted hostility toward relatives at home. We inspect damaging management as a type of dislodged animosity ather than an indicator, albeit the two conceptualizations are legitimate. Uprooted animosity is frequently activated by undesirable working environment occasions (e. g. , Miller, Pedersen, Earlywine Pollock, 2003) and oppressive management ? ts this standards. We contend that injurious oversight likewise can ? t the standards of uprooted animosity on the off chance that it is activated by occasions outside the ability to control of subordinates, for example, the abusers’ colleague relationship con? ict. In this way, oppressive management can almost certainly be both a reason for dislodged animosity and a kind of uprooted hostility. Note: Dashed lines speak to estimated intervened linkages Supervisor-Rated Subordinate Work Effort Supervisor-Rated Coworker Conflict Abusive Supervision Supervisor-Rated Subordinate TaskFocused OCB Moderator: Leader-Member Exchange Fig. 1. Guessed model. 1012 K. J. Harris et al. /The Leadership Quarterly 22 (2011) 1010â€1023 As Tepper, Duffy, Henle and Lambert (2006) contended, harsh management can be utilized as a methods for venting disappointment becau

The African American Dream - Literature Essay Samples

Social class plays a dominant role in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby. In fact the title character is living proof that the American dream really exists. Readers recognize the importance Fitzgerald places on social class throughout the novel, but for the purpose of this essay, I will examine how Fitzgerald links social class with race through his portrayal of African American characters in the novel. The notion of the African-American dream would have been a fairly new one in the 1920s, but since the black characters in the novel are paired with Jay Gatsby, it is plausible to think that they would triumph and suffer in the same way Gatsby did as a result of their newly found achievements. This theme can be traced through the actions of Tom Buchanan and in the two scenes that black characters are present in the novel.The Great Gatsby in set in New York during the Harlem Renaissance, a period of artistic explosion within the black community, so racial issues are bound to be present in the novel. Tom Buchanan voices his opinion about those people outside of the white race. By referring to The Rise of the Colored Empires and stating its ideas if we dont look out the white race will be. . .utterly submerged(13) Tom alerts readers to the tensions between blacks and whites. He also remarks: Its up to us, who are the dominant race, to watch out or these other races will have control of things (14), indicating that he believes whites need to stay in control of social happenings to ensure the morality and wealth of the future.Fitzgerald wants readers to view Tom as a farcical character, because even the other characters dont take him seriously. Daisy winks at Nick and Jordan several times during Toms ranting about race relations, signaling to readers that Toms views are not the ones Fitzgerald wants readers to subscribe to. Daisys gestures behind her husbands back also indicate that she does not agree with his opinions. Daisy whispers to Nick and Jorda n: Weve got to beat them down (14), talking about the colored race. However, she is winking ferociously (14) as she is talking. Daisy realizes that her husbands views are dated, especially for a man living in the East during the Harlem Renaissance. She speaks sarcastically later in the chapter about her white girlhood (20) with Jordan and about the Nordic race with Nick. Daisy knows that her husbands greatest fears have already been realized and she does not agree with his ridiculous, though scientific argument.The relationship between race and social class is further played out in two scenes that portray middle or upper-class blacks. When Nick and Gatsby see a limousine with three black passengers and a white chauffeur, Fitzgerald is telling readers that times are changing. This is an extreme example of role reversals within both race and social class. Since these characters possess both an expensive car and a hired white driver, readers can assume that they are affluent. D uring this scene Nick thinks: Anything can happen now that weve slid over that bridge (70) and the limo suggests that anything already has happened. So, times are not really changing; they already have changed. Sixty years after the abolition of slavery, blacks can afford to ride in (or perhaps own) a limousine and hire a white driver.So, instead of identifying with Tom Buchanan, Fitzgerald implies that readers can identify with Gatsby (or even Daisy, Jordan, or Nick), a man who plays jazz music at his parties, and his implied view of black culture. Jazz music originated in the African American communities before seeping its way into white upper class homes. Jay Gatsby is linked to the black characters in the limousine because they all are representative examples of people who are living the American dream. They also represent the idea of new money and the idea of having to work ones way to the top. However, readers only get a small glimpse of the blacks in the limo. Since th ey are paired with Gatsby in their affluence, readers can draw the conclusion that blacks who rise into the upper social classes might be susceptible to the same kinds of problems that eventually lead to Gatsbys downfall. This logic can be applied to all people and races: when people are equal to one another, they have the same chances at success as they do at failure.The second scene in the novel in which a black man appears is equally, if not more, striking than the first. After Myrtle has been killed, [a] pale well-dressed negro stepped near(143) to identify the car. Again, since this man is well-dressed, readers are led to believe that he is probably well off financially. However, what makes this scene striking is his audacity to step up and identify the car so specifically without being solicited. Although slavery has been abolished and there is a cultural boom in Harlem, this novel was written and set long before the Civil Rights Movement. This man shows great courage at a time when there was strong racial tension. Not only does he identify the car without being asked, he also goes on to talk with the police and fill out a statement.Although these actions do not seem extreme to the modern day reader, they could be considered daring for the time period. Again these actions can be equated to Gatsby, because he is a risk taker as well. He moved away from his family to earn his wealth and find the American dream. His movement can be paralleled to the movement of blacks from the South to the North.The notion of social class is an inarguable theme dominant in the pages of The Great Gatsby. Although the theme of race is less recognizable and seemingly subordinate to that of social class, it is present as well as important. When these two themes are examined in relation to one another, The Great Gatsby can be read as a novel not only about the American dream, but the African American dream as well.

Texas Health Harris Methodist Cleburne - 1614 Words

Texas Health Harris Methodist–Cleburne is one of the top performers in the country on the surgical care process-of-care measures, often referred to as the core or Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) measures. The measures, developed by the Hospital Quality Alliance and reported to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), relate to achievement of recommended treatment in four clinical areas: heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia, and surgical care. In addition to its high performance on surgical measures, Texas Health is performing in at least the top 15th percentile in these other areas. This case study focuses on Texas Health s achievement in providing recommended treatment related to surgical care. The hospital has†¦show more content†¦The framework likewise has a Clinical Operations Performance Improvement Council to talk about operational issues and build up new procedures to enhance execution in the center measures. For instance, the gathering set up framework wide instructive and preparing materials to help healing center staff suspend anti-infection agents inside of 24 hours. The second hypothesis examined current hypothesis in which is in light of the idea that the association is a framework which needs to adjust to changes in its surroundings. In present day hypothesis, an association is characterized as an outlined and organized process in which people connect for destinations (Hicks and Gullet, 1975). From our case Texas Health Resources is presently executing a framework wide electronic wellbeing record framework a speculation anticipated that would help doctor s facilities enhance the nature of consideration by giving constant access to coordinated patient records, solution cautions, and proof based clinical choice backing. Texas Health Harris Methodist-Cleburne has demonstrated that it is a learning organization I different ways. Case in point, the board set up framework wide instructive and preparing materials to help clinic staff end anti-toxins inside of 24 hours. These materials were given to staff

The past century saw major developments in the economic,...

The past century saw major developments in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the United States as it grew from a burgeoning industrial nation to the world’s leading superpower. By the 1900s, giant firms such as Carneige Steel, The Standard Oil Trust, among a few others controlled 2/5th of the nation’s marketing capital. This resulted in a rapid increase in the number of industrial workers and even though the American society was growing wealthier overall, there were several thousands that still lived not only in poverty but also far below the poverty lines. It all began with rapid economic growth that was fueled with technological advancements in the field of electricity, communications, business machines, farm and†¦show more content†¦The Railroads comprised the first big business for America ad their systemization and consolidation by the end of the 19th century brought about the development of large business enterprises in the world. The G ilded Age, even though known for its advancements in the field of industrialization was known to have been an era of serious social problems, hidden under the glitz and glamour of precipitously evolving developments. The lessons of the railroads were applied to other big businesses and were soon met with public outrage at the unscrupulous tactics, monopoly control and sky-high earnings of these affluent corporations. The number of industrial workers had increased rapidly from 885, 000 to 3.2 million from 1860 to 1890 alone. Also, the American Revolution of 1765-1783 had resulted in the dissemination of new socio-political ideas, especially considering that the American nation had succeeded and won its independence from the absolute military power of its time. The ideals of social equality ran high. However, changes in trade and commerce resulting from modern capitalism were a complete deviation from this vision. Thus, arose grassroots organizations that would respond to the changes in society through labor movements, the 1960s-70s feminist movement responding primarily to women’s suffrage, civil rights movements, antiwar activism and gay rights. As the American society continued to grow wealthier, factory workers began to numb toShow MoreRelatedThe First Glimpse Of Globalization1573 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the process in which a world-wide circulation of goods, ideas, and people takes place. Historically, there were two periods of profound expansion, the 15th and 16th century and 20th and 21st century. In both cases, these eras of globalization were preceded by periods of enriched thinking, sharing, and scientific revolutions. The renaissance is a prime example of an era when ideas and knowledge flourished and spread throughout Europe. 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Information Technology Ethics Volkswagen Emission Scandal †Free Sampl

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology Ethics Volkswagen. Answer: Volkswagen Emission Scandal In September 2015, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) found during some tests that Volkswagen company was constantly cheating the American customers. In the cars to be sold in America, they used to install a software named defeat device that was able to detect when the cars were being tested. Accordingly, this software auto-adjusted the settings in such a way that the testers got false reading from the car. As a result, the testers got wrong emission readings from the car. Hence, the people got the wrong impressions about the emissions from the cars (Krall Peng, 2015). The main part of Volkswagens marketing strategy was that they said their cars were of very low emissions. This strategy worked as the sales were boosted in America. However, after the results were made public, Volkswagen were accused of cheating the American clients by lying about the low emission cars. As a result, sales of Volkswagen cars were immediately reduced significantly resulting in significant losses for the company. Sometime in 2014, US environmental emission control officials reported that the Volkswagen cars were emitting high amount of toxic gases than usual. However, the claims in these reports were denied by Volkswagen authority who said that some cars might have more emissions due to some technical issues or poor starting mechanism. For some time, the Volkswagen authority managed to divert the emission control officials from the issue. Moreover, whenever the Volkswagen cars were sent to test facilities for emission tests, no abnormal results were obtained. At that time, the emission test officials had no idea of such devices or softwares that forced the wrong emission output during the testing. However, the emission test devices at the test facilities were also outdated and failed to detect the use of the advanced devices that masked the actual emission from the car. Hence, Volkswagen continued to sell the cars with the defeat devices in USA resulting in generation of a huge amount of reve nue for the company. With the increase in the revenue, the pollution amount also increased significantly in US. However, in late 2015, the defeat devices were finally detected and the cheating mechanism was caught during the testing of a Volkswagen car. Defeat devices are some specially designed softwares that are able to detect when a car is being tested. When the test starts, this software automatically changes the settings of the car such that the emission is reduced significantly than usual. Hence, there is no way to detect the cheating mechanism unless the whole car is disassembled and tested. The ethical issue with this case was that the Volkswagen customers were getting cheated by the company without even knowing about such a defeat device. Moreover, there is a chance the car users may get arrested for using the defeat devices as there are no certain proofs of the installer. The implication is on the earths atmosphere and hence, this act of cheating is actually having a negat ive effect on the humanity on a whole. The cars produced high emissions whereas the test results could not detect them. As a result, the sales of the cars were increasing significantly and it in turn increased air pollution at an alarming rate. After the defeat device was detected, the Volkswagen authority stated that they would conduct an internal investigation to identify those who approved the use of such cheating devices. Moreover, the authority also stated they would also review 8.5 million cars all over Europe to check whether they contained the defeat devices as well or not. After the massive outage of the Volkswagen cars in USA, the prices of the cars fell by a third. As a result, the company encountered a loss of 2.5bn that is expected to increase as a result of the scandal. There are two options to solve the issue. First option is banning the company from selling any car for a certain period of time (e.g. 5 years) and the second option is implementing a testing procedure for testing the cars before dispatching them for delivery. The best option is implementation of the pre-dispatch testing procedure. The first option will stop the sales of the company and it may get bankrupt during this time. Moreover, existing us ers will not receive any servicing for their cars. Hence, implementation of the testing system is the best option and it will ensure no cheatwares or cheating softwares are used along with the car. References Barrett, S. R., Speth, R. L., Eastham, S. D., Dedoussi, I. C., Ashok, A., Malina, R., Keith, D. W. (2015). Impact of the Volkswagen emissions control defeat device on US public health.Environmental Research Letters,10(11), 114005. Blackwelder, B., Coleman, K., Colunga-Santoyo, S., Harrison, J. S., Wozniak, D. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal. Burki, T. K. (2015). Diesel cars and health: the Volkswagen emissions scandal.The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,3(11), 838-839. Crte, R. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal from the Viewpoint of Corporate Governance.Eur. J. Risk Reg.,7, 25. Ewing, J. (2015). Volkswagen says 11 million cars worldwide are affected in diesel deception.The New York Times,22. Hakim, D., Bradsher, K. (2015). After Volkswagen Revelation, Auto Emissions Tests Come Under Global Scrutiny.The New York Times (Sept 24, 2015). Available at: https://www. ny t imes. com/2015/09/25/business/international/vo lk swa gen-emi ssions-pollution-regulations. html. Krall, J. R., Peng, R. D. (2015). The Volkswagen scandal: Deception, driving and deaths.Significance,12(6), 12-15. Ragatz, J. A. (2015). What Can We Learn from the Volkswagen Scandal?.

Is God Real Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, God, Singular God

Is God Real The existence of God has been questioned since the beginning of time. Religions thrived on answering the unanswerable questions of the universe and people were able to find solace in the answers. As science has expanded and been able to answer these questions with natural, as opposed to supernatural answers, many people stopped looking to God and religion for the causes of things and started looking towards science. God was dead, according to many scientists and people of all professions. Many philosophers, however, have different conclusions. In the article, ?Science Finds God? (Newsweek 1998) it was recognized that although theologians and scientists differ sharply in their views and do not see any type of middle ground between the two fields, others feel that religion and science do not contradict each other, but compliment each other. Science discovers more of God's creations and the intricacy of which the world was created and God provides the explanation of the complexity and wonder of the natural world. He fills in where science leaves off. With Darwin's idea of evolution came the greatest controversy between science and religion. Darwin denied the creationist ideas of Christians and caused, an uproar in the Christian community. Some drastically decided to deny all science. To deny science, however, would be to deny the natural world. Others searched for ways to confirm and hold on to their faith. One way that people found to confirm their belief in a God was philosophy. St. Thomas Aquinas used the science of philosophy to prove God's existence. He showed five ways in which the existence of God must be absolutely concluded. His first proof dealt with the mover and the unmoved mover. From just one observation of movement it can be concluded that movement is. Whatever is moved must be moved by another, because nothing can have potential and actual energy at the same time. To actually move a thing must be moved by another thing that is actually in motion. Therefore that thing must have been moved by another. However this cannot go on infinitely. There must be something that is the first unmoved mover that causes all movement. This being, in a state of pure actuality, is what people call God. An example of this is a stone is moved by a stick. The stick is moved by a hand. The stick moved from a state of potential movement to actual movement by the hand. In order to move the stick the hand must move from potential to actual by something else. What moves the hand must be also be moved by another because nothing can be moving both potentially and actually at the same time. Whatever was the original cause of all movement must be pure actual movement. This being is the unmoved first mover, God. Aquinas's fifth proof relates more directly to ?Science Finds God.? This article states that the complexity of the natural world is more evidence that God must exist. Thomas says that there is some pure act of intelligence that causes all other acts of intelligence. As an archer shoots an arrow towards its target, God aims everything to its ultimate end. Everything is ordered towards an end and that end is determined by a being we call God. Using empirical sciences, it is evident that everything has its purpose and functions for the good of something else. This purpose is determined by God. Another philosopher whose teachings seem to correspond directly with the article is Paley. He presents this situation. If a man finds a stone and wonders how it got there, it would not be that unreasonable to conclude that it had been there forever. However, if a man stumbles upon a watch in a field, he could not reasonably reach the same conclusion. ?Because a watch performs such a specific function and has a clear purpose, which is grasped by the human mind, Paley concludes that ?the inference?is inevitable; that the watch must have a maker.'? (Stumpf 381) Every part of the watch is designed towards the specific function of telling time. It would seem absurd to think that all of the pieces in the watch just happened to come together in that way to

The Role of Ipcc in Climate Change Essay Example

The Role of Ipcc in Climate Change Essay Example The Role of Ipcc in Climate Change Essay The Role of Ipcc in Climate Change Essay The Project The Role of IPCC in Setting Climate Change Policy This essay will critically evaluate the role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in setting climate change policy. In order to do this, its latest assessment report (IPCC 2007) will be highlighted. The physical science basis of climate change that IPCC relies on in influencing policy on climate change will be reviewed. IPCCs view of climate change will be shown to be the main stream view of climate change. The essay will also review alternative argument on climate change by other scientists such as Svenmark and Calder (2006). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an organization that was established in 1988 by two organizations namely the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) UPI)(IPCC 2008). Its mandate included the assessment of scientific information related to climate change, evaluation of the environmental and socio-economic consequences of climate change and the formulation of realistic response strategies (IPCC, 2007). Based on its mandate, it can be seen that IPCC was to act as the scientific powerhouse to generate evidence based information on climate change that United Nations and other countries and regional bodies will rely on to formulate their climate change policies. Since its formation, IPCC has produced assessment reports (AR) of the scientific evidence related to climate change and formulated response strategies on actions the international community need to take in order to minimize the impact of climate change. It produced the first assessment report (AR 1) in 1990, AR 2 in 1995, AR 3 in 2001 and the latest one AR 4 in 2007. The 2007 report (AR 4) was the most comprehensive of its reports. It was produced in four different volumes and each volume was launched separately at different times throughout 2007 at different locations under the banner ‘Climate Change 2007. AR 4 confirms most of the conclusions in its earlier documents including : climate change is due mainly to greenhouse gases notable carbon dioxide which is released into the atmosphere by human activities and responsible for global warming; addressed issues of concern to policy makers in national , regional and multinational agencies; the impact of global warming is real and will continue into the foreseeable future; there is the need for societies to adapt to reduce vulnerability and an analysis of the costs, policies and technology required to minimize the impact of climate change. It claimed that its AR 4 report was produced by 500 lead authors and reviewed by 2000 expert reviewers. There is no doubt that IPCC in its publications since 1990 has profoundly affected climate change policies at all the different levels of government. Smith and Stern (2010) have argued that IPCC provide the science of climate change and the causes and in the process highlights the risks of the phenomenon. It is the information about the risks that enables national governments to formulate policies to manage the risks either unilaterally or multilaterally. There is an international consensus that the challenges posed by climate change is best handled through multilateral agreement because climate change will affect all the countries of the world irrespective of whether or not they contributed to the problem. Hence the United Nation has played a pivotal role in bringing the nations of the world together for discussions on appropriate strategies based on reports by the IPCC. The Kyoto Protocol and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC can all be traced to the version of the science of climate change by IPCC. In fact the contributions of IPCC have been recognised as highly significant by the Nobel Prize Committee which named it as joint recipient of the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize in 2007. It was a seal of approval for its vital role in influencing the world climate change agenda. One of main highlights of The Kyoto protocol is the requirement for industrialised nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emission as way to mitigate the impact of climate change. This requirement can be traced to IPCC because mitigation strategy is a major strategy advocated by its Working Group 111 (mitigation of climate change). Although many of the nations of the world have signed the protocol, some industrialised nations notably the United States under President George Bush Jnr refused to sign the protocol on the grounds that the protocol did not commit significant polluters such as China and India to compulsory emission limits (Singer 2007). Both China and India have rejected any attempt to limit their emission of greenhouse gases. Singer (2007) has suggested three reasons why both countries are adamant to any mandatory limits. First, these emissions of greenhouse gases were caused by the industrialised nations in the first place during the industrial revolution and hence it is their responsibility to sort it out. Secondly even if the pas t history is discounted, at the present rate of greenhouse gas emissions, the industrialised nations still produce these gases per citizen than the rest of the world. For example, the average US resident produces six times more greenhouse gas than the average Chinese resident and about 18 times than the average India resident. Thirdly, the industrialised nations are much richer and hence better placed to bear the cost of adjusting their lifestyle to climate change without serious impact on their citizens. Perhaps in addition to these reasons there is the underlying perceptions in developing countries that limiting their CO2 emissions will slow down their rate of economic development which can impact on their other social and political policies especially with respect to poverty reduction and employment. The industrialised countries are equally apprehensive of the impact of mitigation policy of climate change on their economic growth. The three main areas of human activities identified by IPCC as responsible for greenhouse gas emissions are energy use in industrial production and transportation where fossils fuels are burnt, agriculture and deforestation. As Stern (2006) argued any mitigation policy will require some forms of action on all these three areas. For example, energy reduction programmes will require the design of a package of mixed economic activities geared towards energy efficiency. He argued that better technology will be required such as energy saving technology and fossil fuel alternatives for cars and vehicles to reduce their carbon input. Innovations will be imperative from the governments and private sectors in the development and deployment of relevant technologies to move economic activities towards low carbon economies. For developing countries to be involved in mitigation policies, they will need external financial assistance for the development of new technologies (Stern 2006). Closely aligned with IPCC strategy on mitigation of climate change is the strategy of adaptation to climate change. This is within the remit of IPCC Working Group 11 (climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability). IPCC is of the view that although the bulk of greenhouse gases are produced in the industrialised countries, the impact of climate change is and will in the future be felt more in the developing countries (IPCC 2007). Due to their greater vulnerability, developing countries will need to adapt their technology and production processes towards better and cleaner environment. Adaptation policies will also involve diversification of opportunities especially in the areas of agriculture and deforestation. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at its meeting in Cancun (UNFCCC 2010) agreed to provide developing countries financial assistance to enable them address the problems of adapting their technology and increasing capacities and opportunities so that they can cope with the impact of climate change. The Convention agreed to strengthen the Kyoto’s protocol on clean Development mechanisms to drive major investments and technology into environmentally sound and sustainable emissions reduction projects in developing countries. Towards this end, the Convention agreed to provide $30 billion from industrialised countries developing countries to support climate change actions up to 2012 and the objective to increase this to $100 billion by 2020 (UNFCCC 2010). IPCC has continued to be at the forefront in defining the scientific basis of climate change that informs climate change policies all over the world. In AR 4, IPCC stated that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level (IPCC –SPM 2007 : 2). It went further to declare that ‘ most of the observed increase in global average temperature since the mid – 20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations’(IPCC SPM 2007 : 5). This would suggest that it has resolved the dilemma over the cause of global warming because its earlier assessment report in 1990 had expressed that the cause could be anthropogenic (human activity) or due to natural variability of the earth’s temperature. This shift from human activity as the cause of global warming rather than natural variability has dominated the discourse on climate change in the last decade. It seems to be the mainstream view and the scientific basis of much of the strategies it has proposed to tackle the impact of climate change. Stern (2006) has alluded to this mainstream view when he stated that ‘ there is now an overwhelming body of scientific evidence that human activity is causing global warming, with the main sources of greenhouse gases, in order of importance being electricity generation, land use changes (particularly deforestation), agriculture and transportation; the fastest growing sources are transport and electricity’ Stern 2006:1). Another influential source that has supported this mainstream view is the UK based Royal Society. The society has more than 1400 outstanding members from all areas of science, mathematics, engineering and medicine organised in a global scientific network of the highest calibre (The Royal Society 2010). The society’s position seems to endorse the IPCC’s position when it stated that ‘there is strong evidence that changes in greenhouse gas concentrations due to human activity are the dominant cause of the global warming that has taken place over the last half century’( RS 2010 :13). Despite these endorsements of IPCC views on global warming and climate change, there are some criticisms about the organization. The latest assessment report, AR 4 in 2007 was alleged to contain some errors. One of such errors was highlighted by Foley (2010) writing in The Independent newspaper where it was reported that IPCC latest report stated that the Himalayan glaciers would be melted by global warming by 2035 instead of the correct figure 2350. That is a large difference of about 300 years. The IPCC relies on the reports it gets from affiliated research centres such as the Climate Research Unit (CRU) based in East Anglia. The anonymous hacking into the dataset and email of CRU in 2009 in what has been described in the mass media as ‘climategate’ has highlighted some form of manipulation of data by the unit in order to support a particular viewpoint. For example, the raw data used by the CRU in projecting Russian temperature was found to have omitted some data sent to it by some Russian Meteorological stations. Page ( 2009) pointed out that there is an argument by some Russian climate sceptics that if those missing data were included it would have significantly reduce the estimate of Russian temperature. This is a serious error especially when Russia accounts for 12. 5 % of the world’s total landmass and against the backdrop that CRU has always resisted demand for the raw data it uses for its climate change computer modelling (Page 2009). It is doubtful if they had not done the same to other countries in order to strengthen their arguments and position on climate change. There were some other damaging revelations that surfaced in the hacked email released. These have been summarised by Watts ((2009). Firstly, there was the revelation that scientists at the CRU consistently colluded to thwart any Freedom of information requests that would have obliged them to release their raw data and hiding source codes from requests. Secondly, they admitted privately not to use journals that published opposing views and refused to publish such articles in journals that they controlled. Thirdly, it was apparent from their email exchanges that they were privately concerned that there had been no increase in global average temperatures in the last decade and yet they could not explain it because it is contrary to their projections. Data that suggested decrease in temperature were manipulated to hide the decline. Ways were devised to discount warming trends that did not occur in the past when greenhouse gases were increasing. What these revelations suggest is that some of the collaborative institutions that IPCC relies on for scientific evidence for its decisions may actually be feeding it with selective and manipulated data in order to pursue a pre-determined agenda without any regard for opposing views no matter how compelling the arguments. As observed by Calder (2007), there is a tendency for events such as heat waves that supported global warming to make headlines while opposing events like prolonged snow and frost during winter not given the same coverage because it is contrary to the mindset of mainstream views on climate change. Calder (2007) also noted that global air temperatures from America satellites suggest a wobbling or fluctuations between hot and cold with no overall change in temperature since 1999. This levelling pattern he argued is the exact pattern that the rival hypothesis – natural variation of atmospheric temperature by the sun would predict. This antithesis to the greenhouse thesis suggests that the sun is a major driver of climate change than greenhouse gases and that when active it can drive atmospheric temperature up and when lazy down. Hence the earth passes through cycles of hot and cold periods. It would appear that proponents of the climate change due to greenhouse gases produced by human activity are not very enthusiastic about this because the mechanism of how the sun changes the earth’s temperature is not well understood and have categorised sceptics as climate change deniers. Svensmark and Calder (2007) both sceptics have demonstrated experimentally how this can happen. The main postulate of natural variation of weather by the sun is that the degree of cloudiness in the air depends on the number of atomic particles arriving at the solar system from exploding stars. The more they are, the more cloudiness. If the sun’s magnetic field is able to deflect much of the cosmic rays, there will be less cloud in the atmosphere and this will result in global warming. The converse holds. Many journals refused to publish his findings presumably because they were not politically orrect. The Royal Society (2010) while agreeing in broad terms with the position of IPCC, however argued that there are not enough data to understand the mechanisms of cloud formation and its impact on climate change. To complicate this, projections of climate change are sensitive to the way the impact of clouds is represented in computer models of climate change. The society noted that currently ‘individual clouds are represented by more approximate methods. Since there are various ways to make these approximations, the representations can vary in climate models developed at different institutes. The use of these different approximations leads to a range of estimates of climate sensitivity, especially because of differences between models in the response of clouds to climate change’ (Royal Society 2010:14). This would suggest the need for more extensive research on the contributions of natural variations to climate change than is hitherto the case (Coren 2006). Blackman (2009) has noted that in his interview with Hulme, an eminent climatologist and a sceptic of IPCC, did question the almost infallible status given to IPCC in the face of other compelling evidence in favour of alternative theories of the causes of global warming. In the interview, Hulme advocated for a more robust debate on all the possible causes of climate change. It is difficult to understand why a scientific body like IPCC could have made itself so vulnerable to criticisms. Perhaps the clue to the controversies surrounding IPCC may be due to the structural problems within the organization. For a start, IPCC has only a core staff of 10 people. It has thousands of volunteer scientists who contribute to the work of IPCC. They are not paid by IPCC (IPCC 2011). Authors, contributors, reviewers and other experts are selected by IPCC from a list of nominations received from governments and participating organizations. The three Working Groups of IPCC are hosted and financially supported by the Government of the developed country co – chair of the working Group. The plenary session that approves reports and budgets is made up of government representatives from all member countries, agencies and research institutions that probably have some links with governments. This sort of structure makes IPCC to be heavily politicised at the expense of good science. Governments’ vested interest in climate change debate can be interpreted as self serving because IPCC findings give them the perfect excuse to tax individuals for their carbon footprint. Motorists may find themselves targeted by all manner of taxes on the excuse of climate change. So it is in the best interest of the politicians to exert pressure on IPCC even when such pressure has the potential to lead to bad science. There are indications that some of the scientific evidence they rely on are published in carefully selected journals and commissioned reports by some pressure groups without any form of peer review. It is not surprising therefore that they have been criticised for being economical with the truth by making vague and imprecise statements they know will be difficult to refute but nonetheless accord them with ‘high confidence’ status That was the allegation made by the Inter-Academy Council that was set up to investigate errors in the IPCC assessment report 4 (Foley 2010). IPCC as a scientific organization has no laboratory of its own but has to rely on specially designated centres such as the CRU involved in ‘climategate’. In conclusion, the role of IPCC in setting policy on climate change is commendable. It has advocated policies of mitigation and adaptation as strategies to avert the anticipated effects of global warming. It was highlighted that it structure is too tied to national governments and agencies and this is politicising its scientific evidence base. There is the need to have on board sceptics and promote robust debate instead of labelling them as deniers. References Blackman S (2009) Top British Boffin : Time to ditch the climate consensus. Online : www. theregister. co. uk. Accessed on 5/4/2011. Calder N (2007) An experiment that hints we were wrong on climate change. Online : www. timesonline. co. uk. Accessed on 5/4/2011. Foley S (2010) IPCC feels the heat as it is told to get its facts right. Online : www. independent. co. uk/environment/climatechange. Accessed on 3/3/2011. Coren M (2006) The science debate behind climate change. Online: www. articles. cnn. com. Accessed on 10/4/2011. Watts A (2009) Climate ‘Men behaving badly – a short summary for laymen. Online: www. wattsup. com. Accessed on 10/4/2011. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007. Synthesis for Policymakers. Summary for policymakers. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC (2008) Climate Change 2007. Synthesis Report. Geneva : IPCC. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC (2011) structure: how does the IPCC works? Geneva : iPCC. Page L (2009) CRU cherry picked Russian climate data. Online: www. theregister. co. uk. Accessed on 9/4/2011. Singer P (2007) A fair deal on climate change. Online: www. policyinnovations. org/ideas. Accessed on 10/4/2011. Smith L and Stern L (2010). Uncertainty, ambiguity and the risk in forming climate policy. In : Discussion Meeting on Handling uncertainty in science. London: The Royal Society. Stern N (2006) What is the economics of climate change? World Economics. 7 (2): 1-10. Svensmark H and Calder N (2007) The chilling Stars. A new theory of climate change. Cambrdge: Icons Books Ltd. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2010) United Nations climate change conference in Cancun. Bonn: UNFCCC. The Royal Society (2010) Climate Change: A Summary of the Science. London: TRS. Watts A (2009) Climategate ‘Mem behaving badly’ – a short summary for laymen. Online: www. wattsup. com Accessed on 11/4/2011.

Inclusion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Inclusion - Research Paper Example s and above all this style is more likely to give a higher individual success rate as par its teaching style, students learn more. This is the most recent approach that fully facilitates the idea of providing both disabled and regular students same platform and equality. The only problem with this approach is that it requires a whole new level of struggle by the teachers and the educational programs to fulfill both contradicting issues at hand; maintaining the standard of education provided and on the other hand eliminating the concept of discrimination and providing equality. (Inclusive Teaching Strategies n.p.) Mainstream style of teaching basically is designed to match the globally competitive level of education by providing higher standards of education. The benefit of this approach is that it acts as a facilitator of inclusive education as it is a sign of raised education standards by providing and fulfilling the needs of each and every student even those with learning disabilit ies. This would raise the standard of education as the educational system would be called a â€Å"responsive† system. On the other hand there is also a negative impact of this approach as it also negates inclusion of disabled students. By providing both regular and disabled students with same standard of education, this policy would lower the overall learning of the class, hence the overall progression by the students will decrease as a regular student would have learned and progressed more, if had studied in a regular school, creating a discrepancy between what he has learned and what he needs to learn and was capable of it but could not. (Florian, pg 7-20) Integration is an approach where the opportunities for the participation of a disabled child within an educational system has increased but to a lesser extent than inclusive approach where both regular and disabled students are considered equal. In integration approach there are still ways to include them. (Advocacy for I nclusion n.p.) In the past integration was practiced by â€Å"acceptance of children with disabilities†, but still differentiating the two. There were programs which were integrated, activities like trips, along with educational programs which were not fully integrated. The benefit of this approach was fulfilling maximum needs of each type on same platform but on the other hand there was still a feeling of discrimination amongst the disabled. Research shows that diverse learners involve students with cognitive, language, speech communication, social and emotional, difficulties, physical, learning and sensory disabilities, developmentally delayed students, those with autism spectrum and those who struggle to acquire reading, writing and math skills. There are few schools which show little resistance in their environment for the learning of these students. Such schools require strong management staff and administration to diminish such resistance. We can see that this issue is considered as an important agenda and that government along with

The Manson Murders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Manson Murders - Term Paper Example He got to know Mary Brunner, a 23-year-old graduate of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and moved in with her. He made her agree to his bringing other women to her resident and soon they were sharing her residence with 18 other women. Manson established himself as a guru in San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury which was emerging as the signature hippie locale in 1967’s Summer of Love. He had many followers who travelled with him in an old school bus which they had re-wrought in hippie style. They travelled as far north as Washington state, then southward through Los Angeles, Mexico, and the southwest. They picked up many other proponents of their beliefs who joined their group from all over the places that they had travelled. The group is known as the Manson family. In the late spring of 1968, Dennis Wilson of The Beach Boys picked up two hitch-hiking girls of the Manson Family. This resulted in his meeting with Charles Manson. The two became well acquainted soon a nd Wilson allowed him to stay at his house in Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, with his â€Å"family†. Wilson paid $100000 that was accrued to him due to the family. He also paid for Manson’s recording sessions and introduced him to Gregg Jakobson, Terry Melcher, and Rudi Altobelli. Rudi Altobelli owned a house that he soon rented to actress Sharon Tate and her husband, director Roman Polanski. The family was asked to move out of Wilson’s house by his manager and the whole family relocated to Spahn's Movie Ranch not far from Topanga Canyon in August 1968. They did helpful work at the ranch with the women giving sexual pleasure to George Spahn, the 80-year old owner of the ranch. The group was joined by Charles Watson who was a Texan and had moved to California after quitting college. He met Manson while he was hitch-hiking and Watson gave him a ride. Manson had established the family at alternate headquarters in the surroundings of Death Valley during the first da ys of November 1968. They had acquired two more ranches. One of them was Myers which was owned by the grandmother of a new woman in the family. Second was Barker which was owned by an elderly, local woman. The family had represented themselves as musicians to that woman and she agreed to let them stay if they would fix up things. (Sanders, 2002) The Beatles’ â€Å"White Album† had a great impact on the Manson family. Manson thought that the Beatles had given a hidden message to all the whites and the racial tension was going to be intensified in America. He convinced his group that the blacks were soon going to rise in rebellion against the whites. He predicted a disaster and told his group that they were intimated in the album that they were chosen to preserve the worthy in the upcoming catastrophe. In early January 1969, the Family positioned itself to monitor L.A.'s assumed tension by moving to a canary-yellow home in Canoga Park, near the Spahn Ranch. By February 1 969, the family created an album containing songs similar to those of The Beatles’ album. Manson’s vision was thought of as completed and the family had established that the murders of whites by blacks would not be devoid of retaliation by whites. In short, the family was anticipated a riot and was looking to play an active part in the favor of whites. They made plans to cause harm to the rebellious blacks with escape strategies. Manson named the impending apocalypse "Helter-Skelter.† They were told that Terry Melcher was coming to listen to their

John Van Hamersveld Art style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Van Hamersveld Art style - Essay Example In the late 60s, John boosted his portfolio after he assumed the role as an art director at the Capitol Records. This position, gave him an edge in designing more posters for famed musicians (Surfing Heritage & Culture Centre Web). John has designed more than 300 album covers and the most popular ones according to Surfing Heritage & Culture Centre were, â€Å"The Beatles’  Magical Mystery Tour  and  The Rolling Stones’  Exile on Main St† (Web). In the present, embodied legacy of John Van Hamersveld is located in the Coolhouse Studio. John Van Hamersveld has exemplary art works that are likeable. The digital print on the canvas ‘Waiting on the Storm’, of 2009, ‘Johnny Girl’ of 1972, and ‘Pipeline’ on digital print on Vinyl 2009 are the remarkable drawing that the essay will describe. John Van Hemersveld drawing "Waiting for the storm" digital print on canvas 2009 was a classical drawing that I saw. Though the drawing is simple, a person can derive some information from the design. The design emphasizes the ideas that the drawing brings forth in the mind of the viewer. John Van Hemersveld drawing was insightfully done to differentiate the background from the foreground. The foreground print of the drawing has numerous clouds that were blue at the base and white at the top. The blue color in the drawing generally creates a calm and peaceful environment in my mind. The clouds with the blue base was capturing to my eyes. The drawing indicated to me that the storm is not necessarily detrimental as most people think. Hence, the drawing depicts that when I prepare for the storm, the calm moment is likely to be experienced. †Waiting for the storm† by John Van Hemersveld illustrates that a storm can yield time for meditation and a quiet moment of peace. According to the drawing, I learn that my preparation for challenges in life determines the peace I can experience throughout the moment. Typ ically, blue is a color for calmness signifying that in my life I really need to prepare for the storm all round to always have a calm state. Another drawing that also captured my attention was â€Å"Johnny Girl† which was John Van Hemersveld digital print of canvas 1972. The drawing was of John who was all smiles and very happy. Johnny Girl drawing showed a boy who had typically gotten a girlfriend for the first time. Therefore, the drawing depicted Johnny’s achievement, which to him the achievement was something out of the ordinary in his life. Although the drawing may have brought out the feelings a person encounters when in a relationship for the first time, I did not like it at all. The drawing reminded me of my first relationship in High School which did not last for long. The amazing moments I had and the thought of a beautiful future were the ideas going through my mind. Despite the insightfully designed canvas, my past memories were the reason of my dislike fo r the photo. The 2009 Vinyl print of â€Å"Pipeline† drawing was generally amazing. A person who is keen to understand the drawing could only appreciate the remarkable design. I also became a victim of bypassing the drawing because the drawing was not as striking as the drawing of â€Å"Waiting in the Storm.† The â€Å"Pipeline† drawing was showing a sharp wave with high amplitude and a narrow front. The wave looked dangerous than

evilmac Shakespeares Lady Macbeth and Evil :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: Lady Macbeth and Evil         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a play that is abundant in evil occurrences,   Lady Macbeth is the overriding source of evil in   the first act. Lady Macbeth persuades Macbeth to kill Duncan, despite Macbeth listing eight reasons against the murder. When Macbeth is alone, we discover that he is a loyal thane to Duncan, not a murdering savage. When Duncan is in his house at Inverness, Macbeth comes to a decision not to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth, who decided strongly against murdering Duncan, to go ahead with their plan to murder Duncan. Lady Macbeth is very successful at persuading him to do things that he knows are wrong. Macbeth is not an evil person, but when he is allowed to be influenced by Lady Macbeth, he is vulnerable to committing deeds he knows are wrong. Lady Macbeth entirely breaks the stereotype of women being kind and benevolant in the first act. After Macbeth writes home telling of his murderous plans, Lady Macbeth begins talking to evil spirits. Because women often lack the ruthlessness to kill someone, Lady Macbeth asks the spirits to make her male. One of the most vivid descriptions of Lady Macbeth's wickedness is directly after Macbeth announces to her he does not want to kill Duncan.This speech epitomizes Lady Macbeth's evilness. She is ruthless, and her evil accounts for the murders that occur throughout the play Macbeth.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lady Macbeth is far more savage and ambitious than her husband, yet she convinces Macbeth to commit the murders that will make them king and queen. Macbeth is without his wife's cruel and uncompassionate attitude towards life. Lady Macbeth is aware that her husband is genuinely a gentle person. However, she is able to manipulate Macbeth into committing   evil deeds in order to achieve her desires. Lady Macbeth fears that Macbeth lacks enough courage and killer instinct to murder Duncan. Lady Macbeth might be a more vicious individual, but she is more afraid than Macbeth about killing Duncan. She never mentions herself committing the murder, and she always insists upon Macbeth executing the killing. The opportunity arises for Lady Macbeth to murder Duncan, but she decides not to. This is the first humane feeling that we see from Lady Macbeth in the play. Her desires and inspiration are very strong, but when opportunity presents itself, she can not carry through with the act. Therefore, she uses her husband's vulnerability to persuasion to achieve her dreams.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The relationship between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth is based on political triumphs, not love.Lady Macbeth often accuses her husband of talking but not

I’m the King of the Castle Essay

Qn: In her after word, the writer talks about â€Å"the evil – for I think I evil-of Hooper†. What do you think the novel says about the nature of evil in people? In my perspective, I do not believe that people are born evil. â€Å"Evil† is undisputedly an arbitrary term whereby different people have different scope of what evil is. Susan Hill’s definition of â€Å"evil† is that of Hooper -being sadistic and afflicting harm in others, as seen in Hooper. Yet, I feel that Hill’s definition of â€Å"evil† is rather cynical and biased. Hill should not even relate Hooper to â€Å"evil† in the first place, as the child is still growing up and does not know how to differentiate between good and bad, and the fact that he does not receive any love and care sort of make him an â€Å"emotionless† person. Thus purely describing him as evil is somewhat biased. I think better adjectives to describe him are probably contumacious and unfeeling. In my essay, I’ll first prove that Hooper’s cruelty is due to his lack of fundamental love and care and that it is due to some circumstances that drove him to be who he is. Secondly, I’ll prove that Hooper cannot be really blamed for his evilness, and lastly, I’ll counter opposing arguments put across and further reinforce on my motion. Firstly, the fact that Hooper is cruel cannot be denied. Yet, one must take into consideration that it is the environment and external influences that led him to be evil. Hooper is born into a dysfunctional family. His mother died when he was very young, and that deprived him of mother-love, which is often thought to be very important and influential during a child’s growing phase. In addition, Hooper’s situation is made worse due to lack of father’s care and understanding. Hooper is thus deprived of any love and care, which any other normal child would have gotten. Thus, he could only turn to being evil, probably to attract attention from his only kin, which is his father. Hooper’s hostile attitude towards Kingshaw indeed makes readers feel indignant. However, the crucial point here, which I feel, is why Hooper is so mean towards Kingshaw. It is a fact that all living beings need companionship. Hooper’s cruelty towards Kingshaw could be a way he shows affection. Well, we never know for sure how some people choose to show affection. And cruelty could be how Hooper chooses to show. Furthermore, Hooper has never ever experienced the true feeling of love and care. So most probably, he doesn’t know anything about love. So, that explains why he thinks cruelty is a form of affection. Taking for instance the case of ailing pets. Veterinarians and pet lovers, in a bid to stop their precious pets from suffering more pain, put them to sleep. This, irrefutable, is a cruel thing, but it is a way pet lover show their affection towards their pets. Now, are their actions really evil and inhumane? I, basically, think this action is not a cruel thing, but rather, something piteous as it helps to alleviate the pet’s pain. Basically, this sentence sums up that the fact that I do not believe that people are born evil, but rather it is â€Å"nurture†, rather â€Å"nature†, that turns people evil. In addition, Hooper’s actions, to me, can be justified as being selfish rather than evil. We all know that Hooper is possessive. He wants Warings to himself and does not waste any attempt drive away â€Å"redundant people† living in Warings. His actions are certainly more of Selfishness than Evilness. The fact that Hooper is merely a young child further accentuates and explains why he is so selfish. Afterall, young child are more self-centered and possessive. This can be illustrated by the fact that a young child only accepts their parents’ full, unscattered love and concern, and more often than ever, news of the arrival of another child, only make them fret about the amount on concern they would receive. Thus, Hooper’s selfishness is somehow understandable. On the other side of the coin, Kingshaw is undoubtedly kind. Critics have commented on Kingshaw as having â€Å"natural goodness†. Now, the question is, if people are born evil, then why is Kingshaw still so kind? Kingshaw has been inundated with taunts and torments from Hooper. Yet, there is still this tinge of kindness inside him that made him remain good right from the start, albeit he did harbour some ill intentions of harming Hooper initially (â€Å"had only to move his hand†¦so that he would topple through the well of the staircase†, chapter 2). So, if people were to born evil, then, why is Kingshaw still benevolent? Therefore, my motion, that people are not born evil, is further reinforced here. In conclusion, I’d like to state that it is nurture, not nature, that made Hooper evil, and that people are certainly not born evil. Perhaps one simple analogy one to reinforce my point is that when an adopted child commits a crime, the ones he would blame are definitely his foster parents and not his natural parents. Why? Because it’s nurture rather than nature, that makes one who he is. With this, I end my essay.

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