AIS integration with ECDIS and Radar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIS integration with ECDIS and Radar - Essay Example The integration of AIS with 'Electronic chart display and information system' (ECDIS) has resulted in a revolution in the field of offshore marine communication. ECDIS, better known as 'Electronic nautical chart', is a name given to nautical chart representations on computers (Scheuermann, Wolf, 1996). However nautical chart representation is one of the aspects of ECDIS. ECDIS is a complete information system, providing all necessary information about whatever is displayed on the chart (Scheuermann, Wolf, 1996). Targets from the radar and from AIS can simultaneously be plotted on an electronic chart (Strenge, Rainer, & Bober, Stefan, 2004). Thus signals from both radar and AIS can be acquired and depending on the requirement, the information can be collected from either of the two sources or from both of them. The positioning of the target on the electronic chart is carried out by DGPS positioning system and in addition through radar map matching process that was developed by Stuttgart University (Strenge, Rainer, & Bober, Stefan, 2004). The ships have large electronic chart displays (ECDIS) installed on them on which AIS data and radar information from other ships is superimposed. These large displays have nowadays been replaced by small and portable computers. The port services have the responsibility to monitor the ship traffic.

Business accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business accounting - Essay Example This essay discusses that the company, if considered from an angle of investing is quite stable and rewarding but its position in the capital market, London Stock Exchange, in this case, is a little bit skeptical. This is because of its abnormal Price to Earnings Ratio in 2011 of more than 890 times which has decreased from a massive 1043 times in the previous year. This means that the company’s share is trading at 890 times its earnings which depict Next as a very expensive share but in contrast to the previous year, its share has gone through a discount with a reduced P/E ratio. The normal practice in the market is of buying shares with a P/E ratio of maximum 20 times but in this case, speculation seems to have happened in the market.The company, on an overall basis, is quite stable and it has formulated, planned and implemented quite efficient and effective policies to retain its competitiveness in the market domestically as well as internationally. The company’s new growth opportunities are encouraging and if this pace is consistently attained in the future, the company can perform even better and expand effectively. But the company has to prepare for even deteriorating times to come ahead with adverse situations ranging from inflation, rising interest rates, a weakening Euro and fluctuations in other currencies, increasing competition and switching customer preferences and demand. Overall, the company is a good choice to be invested in, taking into account its considerable dividend payout ratio.... Liquidity Analysis Talking about liquidity, the company is performing fine but in contrast to the previous year, it has lacked in some areas. The current and quick ratios have decreased by 0.092 and 0.127 from 2010 to 2011 showing a decrease in liquidity and this is mainly because of a larger increase in current liabilities compared to current assets. Moreover, inventories have increased from a considerable 19.19% from ?309 million to ?368.3 million in 2011, mainly due to the company’s policy of fulfilling market demand and solving out supplier constraints by buying stocks way earlier than required. Though the cash available before share and bond buybacks is a considerable ?92 million, the company has less cash liquidity available in 2011 with a decrease of more than 60% in the cash and cash equivalents balance and the cash ratio falling from 9.83% to only 3.66%. This might obstruct the company in opening and extending new stores and repurchasing more shares in the upcoming ye ar, which has been forecasted at aggressive levels. However, this cash balance can increase in the following year with the rise in the trend of cash customers relative to credit customers or account holders especially in the case of Next Directory; this will in turn definitely decrease the level of accounts receivable and bad debts (CPAClass.com 2011). The manner of collection of receivables and payments to creditors has remained almost the same from 2010 to 2011. But as the inventories have risen, the inventory conversion period has escalated from 47 days to 55 days, which has in turn helped in increasing the cash conversion cycle from 30 to 42 days.

Mini project 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mini project 2 - Assignment Example From picture 1, there are two main loads that acting on the bridge. These are 1.Dead load, This refer s to the permanent weight of both the structured and non –structure component of the bridge. This include the roadway used by the vehicle on the object , sidewalk and the attached equipments. Dead loads on a bridge are based on material unit and are based on material unit and are of constant magnitude. On designing a bridge dead load, must be estimated. In order to counteracted the resultant effects of the external loads, it is good to compute the final dead load of individual portions of the bridge structure before designing the final supporting members. This refers to the weight of the vehicle that cross the bridge. Each of these individual vehicles comprises of a series of concentrated moving loads that vary in spacing and magnitude. When the loads move, a number of changes are generated in shears, reaction and moments in the members of the structure. The extent of these resultant forces depend on the number of spacing, weight and the position of the loads on the span. To produce the maximum impacts for each stress, the designer must position the line vehicle loads well. From picture 1, it is true that when a piece of material e.g. steel or a steel reinforced concrete is stressed by a force of granite due to the load of the vehicle, the cross sectional material does several things. In general the top must compress [compression forces ] and the bottom must stretch [Tensional forces]. This gives rise to the following stresses as shown in the picture 1. This is the stress that

Intra- and interpersonal perception Essay Example for Free

Intra- and interpersonal perception Essay How does intra- and interpersonal perception (understanding yourself and other people) contribute to individual success both at university and later at work? In this world of change and complexity, studying hard at school and dedicating at work are not enough to succeed at university and workplace. There are many factors affecting one’s life. The main factor comes from inner world of an individual. As the saying goes: nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. Therefore, deepen the understanding of inner world of is important to an individual. Moreover, in order to succeed at both university and later at work, having intra- and interpersonal perception are vital for an individual. This essay will discuss how does intra- and interpersonal perception contribute to individual success both at university and later at work by mainly focused on that enhanced study result by self-monitoring and raised work performance by communication with colleague. Interpersonal perception is a type of social psychology, it means how you perceive a target, and the target can be a person apart from yourself (David A, 1994). In laymen’s terms, interpersonal perception can be defined as how much does an individual understand about the others. The purpose of having an interpersonal perception is to communicate with others successfully and get advantages from the successful communication. Having a better understanding of others can lead an individual to be success at both University and later at work. This essay will further discuss about this point in the following paragraphs. In order to communicate with others successfully, an individual must first learn to communicate with himself or herself. That means having a better understanding of our inner feeling is needed. This can be called as intrapersonal perception. In the daily life, an individual may not perfectly understand about what the inner feeling is when acting different behaviors. This will cause an individual to feel uncomfortable. Therefore, having an intrapersonal perception is very important. In order to develop intrapersonal perception, individuals should be able to describe what they strive for as their own personal values, vision and objective (Hanbury, Sapat, Washington, 2004). Intrapersonal perception will be built after having a deeper understanding of an individual’s goals of life. Therefore, it allows an individual to adjust his or her behaviors and reduce the feeling of uncomfortable. After having an intrapersonal perception, an interpersonal perception can be developed by enhancing communication with others. But above all, both perceptions can lead an individual to succeed at work and University. Intrapersonal perception can help students to get a better study result at University and enhance performance at job by increasing self-monitoring and self-awareness. When an individual knowing more about himself or herself, disadvantages will be found and hence increases their self-awareness. Bercher pointed out that accurate self-regulation can help a student to get a better result and greater performance at school (2012). When a student can be aware of his or her state of study, they will be able to adjust their performance. More importantly, students should clearly know about themselves at first. Secondly, they will find out what behaviors and what disadvantages should be improved in order to achieve the goals of study at school. At last, students will adjust their study methods or put more effort on study. As a result, the goals will be easier to accomplish and the study progress will be under their control. Moreover, intrapersonal perception can help an individual to be success at workplace. Employees’ attitude is very important to their performances at work. A positive attitude can lead an employee to accomplish a task more easily. When the employees knowing more about themselves, they can clearly know about what are their goals at work and what should they do to achieve the goals. Therefore, employee’s work attitude will be changed positively caused by their self-awareness. Performance and workplace behavior will also be improved. When an individual can own the ability of self-monitoring at workplace, attitude and workplace performance will be continently adjusted, it leads an individual to be success at work by having a higher performance. Furthermore, having an interpersonal perception can help an individual to obtain a higher result at both University and workplace by improving communication skill and increasing communication with others. Firstly, different types of group project are needed in the University. Having a better understanding of the others can help to obtain a successful coordination and get a better performance at group project. When the others thinking are highly understood by an individual, the individual will be able to coordinate with them in a more suitable way (Abele, Stasser, 2008). That means the communication with others will be improved and it leads to a successful coordination. Additionally, when a student having a better understand of other schoolmates, he or she can be able to compare their differences in study method, and hence to make an adjustment in order to improve study result. Also, having an interpersonal perception can benefit an individual at work. When an individual having a deeper understand of others, he or she can find an appropriate way to interact with them and obtain a better performance at work (Vrinda, 2001). Knowing others is an important skill, it helps an individual to analyze others behavior. Once an individual can be able to understand colleagues at workplace more accurately, he or she can communicate with them in a more suitable way and can have a better coordination. It will decrease conflict and enhance working result. Apart from improving working performance by appropriate interaction with others, interpersonal perception can also help an individual to get a job more easily and keep the job. Because it helps an individual to have a higher understanding of the examiner’s mind. In conclusion, intra- and interpersonal perception help an individual to have a self-monitoring ability and a better communication skill. Therefore, the performance at work and study progress at University of an individual can be improved by continually self-monitoring and enhancing interaction with others. Also, it allows an individual to obtain a higher study result and to have a better performance at workplace. Finally, intra- and interpersonal perception can help an individual to be success bot at university and later at work.

Efficiency of Safety Belt Campaigns Analysis

Efficiency of Safety Belt Campaigns Analysis The numbers of deaths have increased immensely in previous years; therefore road safety is a major concern. The RSA constantly try to amplify awareness of road safety as many drivers ignore new rules of the road. Persuasive communication is used throughout for all types of advertising and lately is becoming a main method in highlighting the dangers of the road. Persuasive communication is considered to be a ‘‘communication such as a speech or television advertisement that advocates a particular side of an issue’’ (Aronson, Wilson and Akert, 2014) and persuasive advertisements aspire to persuade individuals to change their outlook on certain issues, such as road safety. Social media websites play a huge role in society today and many of these websites such as Facebook are displaying persuasive advertisements to spread word about issues more rapidly. The focus of this study is about the impact persuasive communication has on road safety and whether putting roa d safety advertisements on social media websites is a worthwhile cause. In this report four experiments on persuasive communication are discussed followed by why the RSA should use social media websites to portray road safety messages. Brijs, Daniels, Brijs and Wets (2011) conducted three sets of studies in order to assess the efficiency of safety belt campaigns by inspecting whether being exposed to the campaign would/would not affect variables identified by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as key elements of behaviour, and to find out â€Å"whether the way in which participants would be exposed to the campaign stimulus would affect the campaign stimulus’ effectiveness† (Brijs et al., 2011). It was also done to confirm which of the dissimilar hypothetical concepts on the use of safety belts would receive most support, i.e., automaticity approach (out of habit or as past/repeated behaviour) or planned behaviour approach. Three studies where made up of different groups of students, aged 18-25, whom were recruited at Hasselt University, two being experimental groups and one a control group. The two experimental groups were exposed to the seat belt advertisement in which â€Å"two exposure conditio ns were distinguished from each other, i.e., explicit and subliminal exposure† (Brijs et al., 2011). Explicit exposure signifies that participants are completely aware of being exposed to a campaign stimulus, i.e., information is processed consciously. For this, the group were asked to view the billboard which was projected in the lecture room. Subliminal exposure entails participants being unaware of exposure to the stimulus with information being processed pre-attentively (subconscious mode). This group were exposed to the campaign by billboards in their main hall of university. The control group, however, had no viewing of the campaign. All three groups then asked filled out a two part survey; one part representing respondent-related background information and the other TPB variables. â€Å"The results signified that the campaign stimulus used influenced participants’ evaluation of a series of important determinants of behaviour as well as self-reported behaviour it self† (Brijs, et al., 2011). â€Å"The results also showed the recorded campaign effect was in the expected direction with higher mean values for the different variables questioned for participants being exposed to the campaign verses members of the control group† (Birjs et al., 2011). A similar study in regards to seat belt wearing was conducted by Tay (2011) in which a sample of drivers supplied their views and awareness of two seatbelt wearing advertisements with dissimilar emotional appeals. This study consisted of 212 drivers, recruited from two separate locations: one being a university to represent the younger population and the second a taxi rink as a large percentage of taxi drivers would not wear seatbelts regularly. In the study a questionnaire was first conducted and then two advertisements were shown to the participants and their opinions were recorded and evaluated. â€Å"The two videos were shown in random order to different participants to reduce any potential order effects; one advertisement had a more negative emotional appeal (fear) while the other had more a positive emotional appeal (humour)† (Tay, 2011). The first advertisement showed a young female driving in the evening on a deserted road; the driver sneezed, a ghost in the backseat g ave her a tissue; causing the driver to brake and the ghost go through the front window. This advertisement utilised mostly humour as an emotional appeal although there might be some fear incorporated as well. More importantly, this video was selected as a humour-based advertisement. The second video showed four young adults in a vehicle that was involved in a collision. In this the unbelted passenger hurled around in the vehicle, killing all occupants and seriously injuring themselves. â€Å"This advertisement focused on fear as an appeal and the advertisement continued with an emergency worker saying, ‘the one without the seatbelt did the damage’ and then ended with ‘No Seatbelt, No Excuse’† (Tay, 2011). To confirm the hypothesis on the dissimilar emotional appeals, participants were asked if they agreed/disagreed that the advertisements they seen were frightening and/or humorous with the use of a 5-point Likert scale. A ten part questionnaire was then done by the participants and several t-tests were then conducted to check this hypothesis. â€Å"These measured the perceived severity and likelihood of threat, the perceived message efficacy, self-efficacy, the perceived cost of threat and benefits of adopting the coping strategy, realism and credibility of the message and adaptive intentions† (Tay, 2011). Results exposed that both advertisements were triumphant in increasing participant’s intent to wear a safety belt and comply with the safety belt law. â€Å"In addition results attested to the importance of using established theoretical models when developing a road safety message† (Tay, 2011). Carey and Sarma (2001) conducted a study that â€Å"explored the effects of viewing death-related facts and graphic, static images of road traffic accidents on participants’ self-reported intentions to take driving risks† (Carey and Sarma, 2001). It also observed the degree to which personality variables may additionally clarify variations in intentional risk taking. â€Å"The dependent variable was the self-reported intention to take driving risks† (Carey and Sarma, 2001). Within this study participants were exposed to mortality salient or neutral facts. The aim of this was to examine threat based advertisements or ‘fear appeals’ to stimulate prevention of dangerous driving on young male drivers. This study consisted of eighty males, between 17 and 24 whom all possessed full licences. Forty of whom were randomly allocated to mortality salient condition and the other forty to the control. Participants were asked to complete two self-report scales, an experiment, two word based activities and an IVE questionnaire. After the first self-report scale participants in the experimental condition (mortality salient) were asked to â€Å"read five facts about driving which were accompanied by three images of road traffic accidents supplied by the RSA, relating to mortality-related risks of driving, which were followed by the warning ‘dangerous driving kills’ and participants in the control condition were asked to read five neutral facts about driving unrelated to risks, crashes or deaths† (Carey and Sarma, 2001). Then participants took part in the word-based activities; one of which was a word search which had neutral words unrelated to death and the other consisted of twenty-two words, eight of which could either be related/unrelated to death and was done to assess death-thought accessibility. An IVE questionnaire was then filled out by participants; this was used to measure certain variables. A second self-report sc ale was carried out to measure â€Å"participant’s risky driving interventions; in which they were asked to read ten scenarios, each had a situation where one may take a particular driving risk† (Carey and Sarma, 2001). Participants were asked to give a percentage answer on how likely they would be to take the risk in each scenario. Results of this study publicized that â€Å"participants in the mortality salient condition completed more word fragments to make death-related words than those in the control condition and also revealed that impulsiveness correlated significantly with intention to take driving risks† (Carey and Sarma, 2001). A Sibley and Harrà © (2009) experiment investigated the impact that various road safety adverts had on young drivers’ explicit and implicit self-enhancement biases in driving ability and caution. Self-enhancement is the belief by drivers themselves that they are superior to other drivers in relation to ability and caution. ‘‘Self-enhancement biases in both of these domains predict crash risk optimism’’ (Harrà ©, Foster, O’Neill, 2005; Harrà © Sibley, 2007). This study consisted of three conditions; one with negatively framed advertisements, another with positively framed advertisements and the last being a control, each involving fifty randomly assigned participants (one hundred and fifty in total). These groups â€Å"were unaware there were different conditions and were told they would be participating in two tasks, which were presented to them as unrelated studies† (Sibley Harrà ©, 2009). Firstly the groups were shown a series o f advertisements and were then told to rate them according to certain variables. This was â€Å"primarily to convince participants that viewing the advertisements was unrelated to the self-enhancement task that followed† (Sibley Harrà ©, 2009). Participants viewed three adverts that showed people that were seriously injured/killed during drink driving accidents in the negative framing condition. In the positive framing condition, participants watched three adverts that showed people choosing to take precautions when it came to drink driving, such as assigning a designated drink driver; who wouldn’t drink and drive home or opt to getting a taxi. The controlled group watched advertisements that were entirely unrelated to drink driving; which involved advertisements on mental illnesses. â€Å"All groups then took part in what they believed was an unrelated task, in which they completed a series of computerized reaction-time based tasks known as IATs in order to assess implicit driving self-concept; with each IAT consisted of seven blocks† (Sibley Harrà ©, 2009). Results indicated that those who took part in the positive framed condition displayed a weaker explicit self-enhancement in comparison to those in the negative framed and controlled groups. â€Å"Although exposure to positively framed advertisements significantly reduced self-enhancement biases in driving ability, it is important to note that participants in this condition still considered themselves better-than-average drivers, just notas far aboveaverage as drivers exposed to the control and negative framing condition† (Sibley Harrà ©, 2009). However, this study does not indicate if a change in self-enhancement biases would result in a change in behaviour. In experiments it is vital to recognize strengths, weaknesses or limitations. Having a control, for instance, would be a major strength to have as it keeps balance and gives the experimenter something to compare results against thus leading to a more wide variety of methods. In the experiments above there have also been limitations, such as in the first experiment, in terms of â€Å"effect size, values obtained suggested that differences between exposed and unexposed participants were small and in several cases not even statistically significant† (Brijs et al., 2011). Also in the last experiment by Sibley and Harrà © (2009) it was found that men and women were both equally influenced by exposure to different types of driving advertisement. It is clear from the experiments above that persuasive communication plays a vital role in road safety advertisements and is very effective. However, in order to increase this effectiveness the RSA should consider displaying advertisements on social media sites. â€Å"Social media has emerged from the internet’s development which allows for sharing, linking, collaborating, and inclusion of production and distribution of particular content† (Banks, Tay Mason, 2011). Social media has the possibility to control the power of viral marketing and is also more cost effective than traditional media in attaining audiences. Rajagopalan and Subramani (2003) found that â€Å"viral marketing is a powerful means for both marketers and recipients to benefit from the innate helpfulness of individuals in social networks and such technologies are being harnessed by social marketers using the internet for promotional activities and engaging users in creative processes† (Rajagopala n Subramani, 2003). According to Nielson (2012) â€Å"there is a digital community of 20.4 million users; 93% of them accessing the internet daily† (Nielsen, 2012), â€Å"thus it is no wonder that social marketers have addressed the need for social media in their marketing campaigns† (Banks, Tay and Mason, 2011). Murray and Lewis (2011) showed how social media helped public health and injury prevention increase dramatically due to the use of social media sites and therefore suggest that social media could play an important role in road safety advertising and may be an important mode of delivering road safety communications to high risk road users, especially that of a younger age (Murray Lewis, 2011). Thus the use of social media sites could be an effective tool in the next generation of road safety advertisements campaigns.

Why Do Teenagers Smoke :: essays research papers

WHY DO TEENAGERS SMOKE? There is an urgent need to make non-smoking appear cool and desirable. The number of people lighting up is on the rise.In 1986, when the first National Health and Mobility Survey was carried out by the Ministry of Health to find out the number of smokers, the figure stood at 21.5 per cent. However, in the last study published in 1996, the number of smokers rose to 24.8 per cent.Of these figures, those aged between 15 and 24 in 1986 made up 11.5 per cent. In 1996, the age barrier shifted to between 18 and 24. Yet the percentage increased to 33.6 per cent, proving that young smokers are lighting up more, influenced by their elders and trying to fit into the the image of cool as depicted by their movie and music idols. One doesn’t start smoking because of it seductive power. Most beginners do not enjoy their first try but rather suffer a bitter taste, bad smell, a cough and a money lose. One doesn’t feel a high soaring feeling. One actually has to over come this uncomfortable feeling to continue smoking. The reasons to start are mainly social and psychological and are not connected to the enjoyment itself. So the way to deal with it must be educationally and emotionally. Rehabilitation is hard and complex as it creates a physical and emotional dependency. It is much easier to work on avoidance. So we will examine why do youths start smoking. The first feelings are uncomfortable- a bitter taste in the mouth, bad smell and a caugh. What motivates the youth to overcome these feelings, and to continue smoking until their addicted? Some claim that kids slip into smoking out of immaturity or impulsiveness. But even adolescents have some logic which is social and psychological. The addiction is both physical and mental. The body adjusts to the Nicotine and craves it when it’s missed. But the main addiction is mental. The proof is found among Shabbat observers who can abstain from smoking the whole Shabbat. So it mainly depends on the habits a person has. Rehabilitation must include energies such as the Jewish law to restrain habits that have become a person’s second nature. More and more smokers claim they want to quit. In an American poll 70% adolescent smoker claimed they wouldn’t have started if they could choose to again and two thirds want to quit. Most cannot quit. The health ministry’s pole from the beginning of the year showed that 58% of the smokers who tried to quit failed.

Measure for Measure Essay

What evidence is there in the play to support both views? What interests and engages you in the play? There are many aspects of the play that engage and interest the audience, two main aspects being comedy and trickery. There are many characters in the play which contribute to the comedy and trickery which is abundant in the play; in particular Lucio is a character who is often seen as comical due to his lack of restraint in his speech and his ignorance of other characters. He is often associated with bawdy humour but is also associated with noblemen; which brings his character into debate. The main source of trickery which engages the audience is the ‘bed trick’ which is cunningly devised by the Duke, which again brings his and also Isabella’s character into debate. Lucio is one of the main sources of comedy in ‘Measure for Measure’, his humour and almost careless speech engages the audience which will result in the audience liking his character. His speech on occasions appears to possess no restraint which is evident from his conversation with the two gentlemen when he proudly proclaims ‘I have purchased as many diseases under her roof as come to’. Lucio’s tone suggests the he is proud of this achievement which in turn results in the audience being humoured by Lucio. However Lucio’s proclamation also gives the audience reason for concern as it shows that there is a problem in Vienna with widespread disease. This relates to the outskirts in London in Shakespeare’s era as there were a large number of brothels which resulted in widespread disease. Lucio also humours the audience when he slanders the Duke in the presence of Friar Lodowick who is ironically the Duke. Lucio describes the Duke as being ‘A very superficial, ignorant, unweighing fellow’. There is dramatic irony throughout act three scene two as the audience know that Friar Lodowick is indeed the Duke, therefore will be constantly humoured as Lucio unknowingly slanders the Duke without a care. Lucio’s use of ‘ignorant’ to describe the Duke is very ironic as Lucio himself is ignorant to the fact the Friar Lodowick is the Duke. As of yet Lucio is painted as being a bawdy character solely to humour the audience with his ridiculous imagery ‘some say a sea maid spawned him’. However he is often associated with noblemen such as Claudio ‘One word good friend. Lucio, a word with you’. Therefore Lucio can be seen as representing both noble and the low culture societies, therefore the audience will have to judge Lucio and decide. I find Lucio interesting as he is presented as a random and spontaneous character, he also confesses that he will never change his attitude ‘I am a kind of burr, I shall stick’. Lucio’s character appears to contradict puritan ideas and I believe Shakespeare uses Lucio as a tool to get his message across. Using Lucio is a great example Shakespeare is stating that we need variety in life in order to function ‘Why, ‘twas a commandment to command captain and all the rest from their functions’. Shakespeare is saying everyone has a role in life which only ‘God’ can change; this again puts emphasis on the variety of people. This idea relates to the theme of equilibrium, in this diverse society there will be equilibrium between people. The main source of trickery in the play is the ‘bed trick’ which has been cunningly planned and devised by the Duke ‘we shall advise this wronged maid to stead up your appointment, go in your place’. Thus exposing Angelo as a result, the trickery will also give insight to the Duke being deceptive. However the reader will question Isabella’s actions as she appears to be a keen accomplice in the trick ‘The image of it gives me content already’. This painted image of Isabella conflicts with that the audience has been accustomed to, Isabella is often seen as excessively pious as she ‘rather wishes a more strict restraint on the sisterhood’. The audience will therefore gain a different perspective of Isabella as well as being sceptical on her position in the sisterhood, she appears to show no insight to the effect(s) this trick will have on Angelo and Mariana as well as her own reputation; instead she seems to immediately agree with the decision without hesitation. The audience will believe Isabella is thinking only about herself, as she wants to exposes and humiliate Angelo for his earlier refused proposal to Isabella. The use of ‘content already’ shows that Isabella appears to be excited and eager about this proposal, the tone also appears to be joyful again emphasising her eagerness. To summarise, comedy and trickery are both key aspects of the play which engage the audience into debate. The audience will gain insight of the characters and will be able to judge the characters on a number of occasions by considering the arguments for and against the decisions these characters make. The play on a whole I found very interesting and engaging, as a problem play many of the decisions made by the characters can be argued for and against, hence the audiences’ judgements on these characters will be diverse as everyone will perceive character’s decisions in a different manner.